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Forensic toxicology perspective on cyanide poisoning originating from natural seeds

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Název: Forensic toxicology perspective on cyanide poisoning originating from natural seeds
Autoři: Devid Kumar Singh, Ujjwal Prajapati, Atul Singh, Roshan Tumdam, Sapna Sharma
Zdroj: Discover Toxicology, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2025)
Informace o vydavateli: Springer Nature, 2025.
Rok vydání: 2025
Sbírka: LCC:Toxicology. Poisons
Témata: Amygdalin, Biosensors, Cyanide poisoning, Cyanogenic glycosides, Forensic toxicology, Post-mortem identification, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Popis: Abstract Cyanide poisoning is a significant challenge for forensic toxicology because it acts rapidly and can be difficult to identify due to its rapid metabolism and instability post-mortem. Characteristic signs such as pink discoloration of the skin (livor mortis) and cherry-red blood may be observed, aiding diagnosis. Apart from industrial accidents and suicide cases, cyanide poisoning from edible seeds remains an overlooked risk. Foods such as apricot kernels, bitter almonds, and cassava and cherry seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that generate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during digestion, causing serious health risks. Amygdalin, known for its traditional medicinal properties, is a major source of cyanide poisoning. This review highlights forensic aspects of cyanide poisoning, particularly the challenges of postmortem examination and identification. Forensic instruments such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), electrochemical sensors and spectrophotometry that may be helpful in confirming poisoning are reviewed. Also, the role of biomarkers such as 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is highlighted, which can help in more accurate identification. To make forensic investigations effective, coordination between toxicologists, forensic pathologists and law enforcement agencies is essential. This review emphasizes the need for standardized forensic protocols and improved identification techniques to accurately detect and prevent cyanide poisoning from food sources.
Druh dokumentu: article
Popis souboru: electronic resource
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 3004-8893
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/3004-8893
DOI: 10.1007/s44339-025-00041-x
Přístupová URL adresa: https://doaj.org/article/89d5056838af4de289cf515e339c6b3e
Přístupové číslo: edsdoj.89d5056838af4de289cf515e339c6b3e
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
Popis
Abstrakt:Abstract Cyanide poisoning is a significant challenge for forensic toxicology because it acts rapidly and can be difficult to identify due to its rapid metabolism and instability post-mortem. Characteristic signs such as pink discoloration of the skin (livor mortis) and cherry-red blood may be observed, aiding diagnosis. Apart from industrial accidents and suicide cases, cyanide poisoning from edible seeds remains an overlooked risk. Foods such as apricot kernels, bitter almonds, and cassava and cherry seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that generate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during digestion, causing serious health risks. Amygdalin, known for its traditional medicinal properties, is a major source of cyanide poisoning. This review highlights forensic aspects of cyanide poisoning, particularly the challenges of postmortem examination and identification. Forensic instruments such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), electrochemical sensors and spectrophotometry that may be helpful in confirming poisoning are reviewed. Also, the role of biomarkers such as 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is highlighted, which can help in more accurate identification. To make forensic investigations effective, coordination between toxicologists, forensic pathologists and law enforcement agencies is essential. This review emphasizes the need for standardized forensic protocols and improved identification techniques to accurately detect and prevent cyanide poisoning from food sources.
ISSN:30048893
DOI:10.1007/s44339-025-00041-x