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Impact of carbohydrate quality on the association between low-carbohydrate diet scores and longitudinal changes of cardiometabolic risk factors

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Title: Impact of carbohydrate quality on the association between low-carbohydrate diet scores and longitudinal changes of cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: Ghaida F Aloraini, Nicola M McKeown, Gail T Rogers, Sai Krupa Das, Alice H Lichtenstein, Paul F Jacques
Source: Nutrition Journal, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2025)
Publisher Information: BMC, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
LCC:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases
Subject Terms: Low-carbohydrate diet, Carbohydrate quality, Waist circumference, Fasting glucose, Blood lipids, Blood pressure, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Description: Abstract Background While low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) patterns have been promoted to improve cardiometabolic risk factors, evidence from long-term studies on the impact of carbohydrate quality in these diets remains equivocal. We examined long-term associations among LCD patterns varying in carbohydrate quality and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Dietary, health and lifestyle data were collected from Framingham Offspring cohort participants (n = 3294) every 4 years over a median 16.4-year follow-up. We assessed LCD patterns using 2 LCD scores (LCDSs) reflecting higher total fat and protein intake, and lower intake of (i) low-quality carbohydrates (high-quality LCDS, HQ-LCDS) and (ii) high-quality carbohydrates (low-quality LCDS, LQ-LCDS). Adjusted means of annualized changes in cardiometabolic risk factors across quintiles of LCDSs were estimated using repeated measures linear models. Results Baseline median age was 55 years, with 54% female participants. Waist circumference annual gains (cm/y) increased across quintiles (mean for Quintile 1, Quintile 5; P-trend) for HQ-LCDS (0.58, 0.69; 0.004), and LQ-LCDS (0.56, 0.74;
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1475-2891
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2891
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-025-01194-6
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/84bda59c4dbb42f98bba08f556ecc971
Accession Number: edsdoj.84bda59c4dbb42f98bba08f556ecc971
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Abstract Background While low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) patterns have been promoted to improve cardiometabolic risk factors, evidence from long-term studies on the impact of carbohydrate quality in these diets remains equivocal. We examined long-term associations among LCD patterns varying in carbohydrate quality and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Dietary, health and lifestyle data were collected from Framingham Offspring cohort participants (n = 3294) every 4 years over a median 16.4-year follow-up. We assessed LCD patterns using 2 LCD scores (LCDSs) reflecting higher total fat and protein intake, and lower intake of (i) low-quality carbohydrates (high-quality LCDS, HQ-LCDS) and (ii) high-quality carbohydrates (low-quality LCDS, LQ-LCDS). Adjusted means of annualized changes in cardiometabolic risk factors across quintiles of LCDSs were estimated using repeated measures linear models. Results Baseline median age was 55 years, with 54% female participants. Waist circumference annual gains (cm/y) increased across quintiles (mean for Quintile 1, Quintile 5; P-trend) for HQ-LCDS (0.58, 0.69; 0.004), and LQ-LCDS (0.56, 0.74;
ISSN:14752891
DOI:10.1186/s12937-025-01194-6