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Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Association with Fat-to-Muscle Ratio in Ethnic Minority Areas of Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Title: Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Association with Fat-to-Muscle Ratio in Ethnic Minority Areas of Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li K, Li L, Pan L, Huang A, Zhang H, Xu Y, Nong Z, Huang R
Source: International Journal of General Medicine, Vol 18, Iss Issue 1, Pp 6709-6722 (2025)
Publisher Information: Dove Medical Press, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Medicine (General)
Subject Terms: chronic kidney disease, fat-to-muscle ratio, South China, prevalence, cross-sectional study, Medicine (General), R5-920
Description: Kehui Li,1,* Li Li,2,* Ling Pan,1 Aifang Huang,1 Huihui Zhang,1 Yuanshan Xu,1 Zhiqiang Nong,1 Rongjie Huang3– 5 1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 5Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongjie Huang, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Email huangrongjie67556@163.comPurpose: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in ethnic minority areas of southern China is outdated. The association between fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and CKD in these populations remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CKD and the relationship between FMR and CKD and to evaluate the potential utility of FMR in CKD risk assessment.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2020– 2021 China Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in Guangxi. CKD is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. Data from questionnaires, physical exams, and laboratory tests were used to estimate CKD prevalence. Fat and muscle mass were assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. The association between FMR and CKD was examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results: Among 8940 participants (median age 50; 41.9% male, 42.0% Zhuang), crude CKD prevalence was 13.8% (awareness: 1.4%), with ethnic disparity (Zhuang: 12.9% vs non-Zhuang: 14.5%, P=0.025). The overall age- and sex-adjusted CKD prevalence was 10.9%; corresponding figures were 9.6% for Zhuang and 17.1% for non-Zhuang participants after further adjustment for ethnicity. FMR was independently associated with CKD (OR=1.03 per 0.1-unit, P< 0.05), even after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Interactions were observed between FMR and ethnicity, hypertension, and diabetes (P-interaction< 0.05). FMR increased progressively with CKD stage and albuminuria grade (P< 0.001 for trend). A threshold effect was observed at FMR > 0.84, with a higher prevalence of CKD (16.7% vs 11.1%), albuminuria (12.5% vs 7.9%), and impaired kidney function (6.0% vs 4.4%) (all P< 0.001).Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence but extremely low awareness of CKD in Guangxi highlights a critical detection and prevention gap. Incorporating FMR measurement into population-based screening may help identify individuals at high risk of CKD and guide targeted integrated prevention strategies.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, fat-to-muscle ratio, South China, prevalence, cross-sectional study
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1178-7074
Relation: https://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-of-chronic-kidney-disease-and-its-association-with-fat-to-m-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM; https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7074
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/4be288d73d6e4ce5a63d9a49ef066eca
Accession Number: edsdoj.4be288d73d6e4ce5a63d9a49ef066eca
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Kehui Li,1,&ast; Li Li,2,&ast; Ling Pan,1 Aifang Huang,1 Huihui Zhang,1 Yuanshan Xu,1 Zhiqiang Nong,1 Rongjie Huang3– 5 1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 5Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongjie Huang, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Email huangrongjie67556@163.comPurpose: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in ethnic minority areas of southern China is outdated. The association between fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and CKD in these populations remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CKD and the relationship between FMR and CKD and to evaluate the potential utility of FMR in CKD risk assessment.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2020– 2021 China Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in Guangxi. CKD is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. Data from questionnaires, physical exams, and laboratory tests were used to estimate CKD prevalence. Fat and muscle mass were assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. The association between FMR and CKD was examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results: Among 8940 participants (median age 50; 41.9% male, 42.0% Zhuang), crude CKD prevalence was 13.8% (awareness: 1.4%), with ethnic disparity (Zhuang: 12.9% vs non-Zhuang: 14.5%, P=0.025). The overall age- and sex-adjusted CKD prevalence was 10.9%; corresponding figures were 9.6% for Zhuang and 17.1% for non-Zhuang participants after further adjustment for ethnicity. FMR was independently associated with CKD (OR=1.03 per 0.1-unit, P< 0.05), even after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Interactions were observed between FMR and ethnicity, hypertension, and diabetes (P-interaction< 0.05). FMR increased progressively with CKD stage and albuminuria grade (P< 0.001 for trend). A threshold effect was observed at FMR > 0.84, with a higher prevalence of CKD (16.7% vs 11.1%), albuminuria (12.5% vs 7.9%), and impaired kidney function (6.0% vs 4.4%) (all P< 0.001).Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence but extremely low awareness of CKD in Guangxi highlights a critical detection and prevention gap. Incorporating FMR measurement into population-based screening may help identify individuals at high risk of CKD and guide targeted integrated prevention strategies.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, fat-to-muscle ratio, South China, prevalence, cross-sectional study
ISSN:11787074