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Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

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Title: Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Bhat K A, Madi D, Bhat S, Mary T, Shenoy Mulki S, Kotian H
Source: Infection and Drug Resistance, Vol 15, Pp 5705-5714 (2022)
Publisher Information: Dove Medical Press, 2022.
Publication Year: 2022
Collection: LCC:Infectious and parasitic diseases
Subject Terms: covid-19, sars cov 2, secondary infections, klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Description: Archana Bhat K,1 Deepak Madi,2 Sevitha Bhat,1 Therese Mary,3 Shalini Shenoy Mulki,1 Himani Kotian4 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 3Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 4Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaCorrespondence: Sevitha Bhat, Department of Microbiology Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Tel +91 9449831631, Email sevitha.bhat@manipal.eduIntroduction: SARS CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 associated mortality is documented in elderly with co morbidities. To have better insight on this issue, the secondary bacterial infections with multi-drug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients need to be studied to evaluate the impact of these infections on the outcome.Aim and objectives: To determine the proportion of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. To study the spectrum of pathogens and antibiogram of the bacteria isolated from secondary infections in such patients. To evaluate the co-existing co-morbidities, treatment and outcome in these patients.Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted in Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, KMC hospitals Attavara and Ambedkar circle, Mangaluru, including all the hospitalized microbiologically confirmed cases of SARS CoV-2 infection. Details pertaining to the study population were collected using a structured proforma. Descriptive data were entered in the form of mean, median and proportions. The categorical values were analyzed using Chi square test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: Two hundred COVID-19 hospitalized patients were included.28 out of 200 patients (14%) studied developed secondary infections. The types of secondary infections were Respiratory infections (50%), blood stream infections (17%), UTI (14%), Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis (17%). The predominant organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%), Zygomycetes (17%). The rates of antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli were 33% to Cefuroxime,25% to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones and 16% to carbapenems. The mortality of 42.8% was observed in patients with secondary infections.Conclusion: Close monitoring and follow up especially in high-risk group of severe COVID 19 patients is crucial for better management and outcome.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV 2, secondary infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1178-6973
Relation: https://www.dovepress.com/profile-of-secondary-bacterial-and-fungal-infections-in-hospitalized-c-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR; https://doaj.org/toc/1178-6973
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/c4435ffa42de4a0080c449fdfea9cb09
Accession Number: edsdoj.4435ffa42de4a0080c449fdfea9cb09
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Archana Bhat K,1 Deepak Madi,2 Sevitha Bhat,1 Therese Mary,3 Shalini Shenoy Mulki,1 Himani Kotian4 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 3Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 4Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaCorrespondence: Sevitha Bhat, Department of Microbiology Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Tel +91 9449831631, Email sevitha.bhat@manipal.eduIntroduction: SARS CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 associated mortality is documented in elderly with co morbidities. To have better insight on this issue, the secondary bacterial infections with multi-drug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients need to be studied to evaluate the impact of these infections on the outcome.Aim and objectives: To determine the proportion of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. To study the spectrum of pathogens and antibiogram of the bacteria isolated from secondary infections in such patients. To evaluate the co-existing co-morbidities, treatment and outcome in these patients.Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted in Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, KMC hospitals Attavara and Ambedkar circle, Mangaluru, including all the hospitalized microbiologically confirmed cases of SARS CoV-2 infection. Details pertaining to the study population were collected using a structured proforma. Descriptive data were entered in the form of mean, median and proportions. The categorical values were analyzed using Chi square test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: Two hundred COVID-19 hospitalized patients were included.28 out of 200 patients (14%) studied developed secondary infections. The types of secondary infections were Respiratory infections (50%), blood stream infections (17%), UTI (14%), Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis (17%). The predominant organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%), Zygomycetes (17%). The rates of antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli were 33% to Cefuroxime,25% to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones and 16% to carbapenems. The mortality of 42.8% was observed in patients with secondary infections.Conclusion: Close monitoring and follow up especially in high-risk group of severe COVID 19 patients is crucial for better management and outcome.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV 2, secondary infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance
ISSN:11786973