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Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018

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Title: Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018
Authors: Yuxue He, Wenjia Zou, Fei Xiao
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol 26, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)
Publisher Information: BMC, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Subject Terms: Bone mineral density, Caffeine intake, Sleep duration, Restricted cubic spline, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Description: Abstract Objective The association between sleep duration, caffeine intake, and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well understood, with previous studies providing controversial results. This study explores the associations among caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD. Methods Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, including 13,457 participants who self-reported sleep duration and caffeine intake, with BMD measured via dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used alongside restricted cubic splines to examine dose-response association. Results Of all participants, 6821 (50.7%) were males and 6636 were females (49.3%). The mean caffeine intake and sleep duration were 93.4 mg/day and 7.19 h, respectively. RCS results showed that BMD increased with the increase in caffeine intake, especially in the low dose range of 0-200 mg/day. The dose-response association between sleep duration and BMD showed that sleep durations of 0–6 h may promote the increase of BMD, but after sleep durations greater than 6 h, BMD decreases. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest referent quartile, individuals with caffeine intake in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 had a positive correlation with BMD (0.62 95% CI: 0.24–1.37; 0.51 95% CI: 0.22–1.13; 0.75 95% CI: 0.41–1.46; P for trend
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1471-2474
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2474
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08300-z
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/29f181c51f3d4f7e89c301e830af3827
Accession Number: edsdoj.29f181c51f3d4f7e89c301e830af3827
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Abstract Objective The association between sleep duration, caffeine intake, and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well understood, with previous studies providing controversial results. This study explores the associations among caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD. Methods Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, including 13,457 participants who self-reported sleep duration and caffeine intake, with BMD measured via dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used alongside restricted cubic splines to examine dose-response association. Results Of all participants, 6821 (50.7%) were males and 6636 were females (49.3%). The mean caffeine intake and sleep duration were 93.4 mg/day and 7.19 h, respectively. RCS results showed that BMD increased with the increase in caffeine intake, especially in the low dose range of 0-200 mg/day. The dose-response association between sleep duration and BMD showed that sleep durations of 0–6 h may promote the increase of BMD, but after sleep durations greater than 6 h, BMD decreases. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest referent quartile, individuals with caffeine intake in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 had a positive correlation with BMD (0.62 95% CI: 0.24–1.37; 0.51 95% CI: 0.22–1.13; 0.75 95% CI: 0.41–1.46; P for trend
ISSN:14712474
DOI:10.1186/s12891-025-08300-z