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A review of microplastic pollution and human health risk assessment: current knowledge and future outlook

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Názov: A review of microplastic pollution and human health risk assessment: current knowledge and future outlook
Autori: Hong Giang Hoang, Ngoc Son Hai Nguyen, Tao Zhang, Huu-Tuan Tran, Santanu Mukherjee, Ravi Naidu
Zdroj: Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 13 (2025)
Informácie o vydavateľovi: Frontiers Media S.A., 2025.
Rok vydania: 2025
Zbierka: LCC:Environmental sciences
Predmety: microplastics, toxicity of microplastics, aquatic environment, human health risks, microplastic exposure, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Popis: The rapid growth of the global population, coupled with the expansion of industrial, agricultural, commercial, and service activities, has led to a significant increase in microplastic contamination in aquatic environments. An estimated 265 million metric tons of plastic waste are produced globally each year, with about 4.8–12.7 million metric tons ending up in the ocean. Microplastics can infiltrate the food chain or come into contact with humans through the skin, eventually penetrating and accumulating in the body. Globally, individuals are estimated to consume between 11,845 and 193,200 microplastic particles per year, with drinking water identified as the primary source. The toxicity of microplastics stems from both their inherent properties and their ability to interact with other pollutants, such as heavy metals. Adverse health effects linked to microplastic exposure include metabolic disruptions, transport to internal organs, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and potential damage to the nervous and reproductive systems, along with possible carcinogenic outcomes. Despite these concerns, there are currently no standardized methods for assessing the human health risks associated with microplastic exposure. There is a critical need for in-depth research to clarify the toxicological impacts and health risks of microplastics, along with the development of reliable risk assessment frameworks. This review seeks to present a comprehensive summary of microplastic levels in aquatic systems, their possible effects on human health, and the methodologies currently used to assess these risks.
Druh dokumentu: article
Popis súboru: electronic resource
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 2296-665X
Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1606332/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-665X
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1606332
Prístupová URL adresa: https://doaj.org/article/194eb7dab0d54b469cfccb11e1ff6a56
Prístupové číslo: edsdoj.194eb7dab0d54b469cfccb11e1ff6a56
Databáza: Directory of Open Access Journals
Popis
Abstrakt:The rapid growth of the global population, coupled with the expansion of industrial, agricultural, commercial, and service activities, has led to a significant increase in microplastic contamination in aquatic environments. An estimated 265 million metric tons of plastic waste are produced globally each year, with about 4.8–12.7 million metric tons ending up in the ocean. Microplastics can infiltrate the food chain or come into contact with humans through the skin, eventually penetrating and accumulating in the body. Globally, individuals are estimated to consume between 11,845 and 193,200 microplastic particles per year, with drinking water identified as the primary source. The toxicity of microplastics stems from both their inherent properties and their ability to interact with other pollutants, such as heavy metals. Adverse health effects linked to microplastic exposure include metabolic disruptions, transport to internal organs, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and potential damage to the nervous and reproductive systems, along with possible carcinogenic outcomes. Despite these concerns, there are currently no standardized methods for assessing the human health risks associated with microplastic exposure. There is a critical need for in-depth research to clarify the toxicological impacts and health risks of microplastics, along with the development of reliable risk assessment frameworks. This review seeks to present a comprehensive summary of microplastic levels in aquatic systems, their possible effects on human health, and the methodologies currently used to assess these risks.
ISSN:2296665X
DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2025.1606332