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Low temperature and high humidity affect dynamics of chlorophyll biosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Cucumber

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Title: Low temperature and high humidity affect dynamics of chlorophyll biosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Cucumber
Authors: Bakht Amin, Muhammad Jawaad Atif, WMWW Kandegama, Jamal Nasar, Pravej Alam, Zhongming Fang, Zhihui Cheng
Source: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)
Publisher Information: BMC, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Collection: LCC:Botany
Subject Terms: Cucumis sativus, Low temperature, High humidity, Chlorophyll biosynthesis, Gene expression, Secondary metabolites, Botany, QK1-989
Description: Abstract Background During the cold season, low temperature (LT) and high relative humidity (HRH) are significant environmental factors in greenhouses and plastic tunnels, often hindering plant growth and development. The chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis inhibitory mechanisms under LT and HRH stress are still widely unclear. To understand how cucumbers seedlings respond to LT and HRH stress, we investigated the impact of these stressors on Chl biosynthesis. Results Our results revealed that individual LT, HRH and combined LT + HRH stress conditions affected chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, reducing the levels of these pigments. The levels of Chlorophyll precursors were also markedly reduced under LT and HRH stresses, with the greatest reduction observed in cucumber seedlings exposed to LT + HRH conditions (9/5℃, 95%HRH). The activities of glutamate-1-semialdehyde transaminase (GSA-AT), ALA dehydratase (ALAD), Mg-chelatase, and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) were increased under individual LT, HRH, conditions but decreased by combination of LT + HRH stress condition. In addition, Chl biosynthesis related genes (except PBG) were upregulated by the HRH stress but were significantly downregulated under the LT + HRH stress condition in cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, the content of phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids (cinnamic acid and caffeic acid) were significantly surged under LT + HRH treatment over the control. Histochemical observation showed higher O2 − and H2O2 content in cucumber leaves during the LT and HRH stress. Conclusion The results indicate that LT + HRH stress significantly impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber seedlings by drastically reducing pigment accumulation, altering enzyme activity and gene expression. Additionally, LT + HRH stress induces oxidative damage, which further exacerbates the decline in chlorophyll content and affects overall cucumber metabolism.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1471-2229
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05615-2
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/c10276e299e148a6ac559b1b675d818b
Accession Number: edsdoj.10276e299e148a6ac559b1b675d818b
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Abstract Background During the cold season, low temperature (LT) and high relative humidity (HRH) are significant environmental factors in greenhouses and plastic tunnels, often hindering plant growth and development. The chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis inhibitory mechanisms under LT and HRH stress are still widely unclear. To understand how cucumbers seedlings respond to LT and HRH stress, we investigated the impact of these stressors on Chl biosynthesis. Results Our results revealed that individual LT, HRH and combined LT + HRH stress conditions affected chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, reducing the levels of these pigments. The levels of Chlorophyll precursors were also markedly reduced under LT and HRH stresses, with the greatest reduction observed in cucumber seedlings exposed to LT + HRH conditions (9/5℃, 95%HRH). The activities of glutamate-1-semialdehyde transaminase (GSA-AT), ALA dehydratase (ALAD), Mg-chelatase, and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) were increased under individual LT, HRH, conditions but decreased by combination of LT + HRH stress condition. In addition, Chl biosynthesis related genes (except PBG) were upregulated by the HRH stress but were significantly downregulated under the LT + HRH stress condition in cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, the content of phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids (cinnamic acid and caffeic acid) were significantly surged under LT + HRH treatment over the control. Histochemical observation showed higher O2 − and H2O2 content in cucumber leaves during the LT and HRH stress. Conclusion The results indicate that LT + HRH stress significantly impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber seedlings by drastically reducing pigment accumulation, altering enzyme activity and gene expression. Additionally, LT + HRH stress induces oxidative damage, which further exacerbates the decline in chlorophyll content and affects overall cucumber metabolism.
ISSN:14712229
DOI:10.1186/s12870-024-05615-2