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LoRa Power Model for Energy Optimization in IoT Applications

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Bibliographic Details
Title: LoRa Power Model for Energy Optimization in IoT Applications
Authors: Soler-Fernández, Juan Luis, Romera, Omar, Diéguez Barrientos, Àngel, Prades García, Juan Daniel, Alonso Casanovas, Oscar
Publisher Information: MDPI
Publication Year: 2026
Collection: Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona
Subject Terms: Python (Llenguatge de programació), Internet, Recol·lecció d'energia, Python (Computer program language), Energy harvesting
Description: Energy efficiency is a key requirement for Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, particularly in applications powered by energy harvesting that operate without batteries. In this work, we present a parametric power model of a LoRa transceiver (Semtech SX1276) aimed at ultra-low power remote sensing scenarios. The transceiver was characterized in all relevant states (startup, transmission, reception, and sleep), and the results were used to build a state-based model that predicts average power consumption as a function of transmission power, sleep strategy, packetization, and input data rate. Experimental validation confirmed that the cubic fit for transmission peaks achieves a determination coefficient of 0.99, while reception is added as a constant consumption. The model was implemented in a Python simulator that provides mean, best-case, and worst-case estimates of system power consumption, and it was validated in an ASIC-based sensor node demonstration, with predictions within 10% of measured values. The framework highlights the trade-offs between energy efficiency and robustness (e.g., minimal SF and no CRC vs. higher spreading factors and error-control) and supports the design of custom controllers for ultra-low power IoT nodes as well as more energy-permissive applications.
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
File Description: 17 p.; application/pdf
Language: English
Relation: Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010301; Sensors, 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010301; https://hdl.handle.net/2445/225675; 763573
Availability: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/225675
Rights: cc-by (c) Soler-Fernández, J.L. et al., 2026 ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Accession Number: edsbas.E7F1BC1
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:Energy efficiency is a key requirement for Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, particularly in applications powered by energy harvesting that operate without batteries. In this work, we present a parametric power model of a LoRa transceiver (Semtech SX1276) aimed at ultra-low power remote sensing scenarios. The transceiver was characterized in all relevant states (startup, transmission, reception, and sleep), and the results were used to build a state-based model that predicts average power consumption as a function of transmission power, sleep strategy, packetization, and input data rate. Experimental validation confirmed that the cubic fit for transmission peaks achieves a determination coefficient of 0.99, while reception is added as a constant consumption. The model was implemented in a Python simulator that provides mean, best-case, and worst-case estimates of system power consumption, and it was validated in an ASIC-based sensor node demonstration, with predictions within 10% of measured values. The framework highlights the trade-offs between energy efficiency and robustness (e.g., minimal SF and no CRC vs. higher spreading factors and error-control) and supports the design of custom controllers for ultra-low power IoT nodes as well as more energy-permissive applications.