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Exploring Urban Green Spaces' Effect against Traffic Exposure on Childhood Leukaemia Incidence

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Title: Exploring Urban Green Spaces' Effect against Traffic Exposure on Childhood Leukaemia Incidence
Authors: Ojeda Sánchez, Carlos, García-Pérez, Javier, Gomez-Barroso, Diana, Domínguez-Castillo, Alejandro, Pardo Romaguera, Elena, Cañete, Adela, Ortega-García, Juan Antonio, Ramis, Rebeca
Contributors: Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Publisher Information: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Publication Year: 2023
Collection: REPISALUD (REPositorio Institucional en SALUD del Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII)
Subject Terms: Urban green spaces, Traffic exposure, Environmental factors, Childhood cancer, Childhood leukaemia, Incidence, Spatial epidemiology, Parks, Recreational, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Child, Infant, Female, Humans, Case-Control Studies, Housing, Environmental Exposure
Description: Background: Several environmental factors seem to be involved in childhood leukaemia incidence. Traffic exposure could increase the risk while urban green spaces (UGS) exposure could reduce it. However, there is no evidence how these two factors interact on this infant pathology. Objectives: to evaluate how residential proximity to UGS could be an environmental protective factor against traffic exposure on childhood leukaemia incidence. Methods: A population-based case control study was conducted across thirty Spanish regions during the period 2000-2018. It included 2526 incident cases and 15,156, individually matched by sex, year-of-birth, and place-of-residence. Using the geographical coordinates of the participants' home residences, a 500 m proxy for exposure to UGS was built. Annual average daily traffic (AADT) was estimated for all types of roads 100 m near the children's residence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), UGS, traffic exposure, and their possible interactions were calculated for overall childhood leukaemia, and the acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) subtypes, with adjustment for socio-demographic covariates. Results: We found an increment of childhood leukaemia incidence related to traffic exposure, for every 100 AADT increase the incidence raised 1.1% (95% CI: 0.58-1.61%). UGS exposure showed an incidence reduction for the highest exposure level, Q5 (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.54-0.72). Regression models with both traffic exposure and UGS exposure variables showed similar results but the interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Despite their opposite effects on childhood leukaemia incidence individually, our results do not suggest a possible interaction between both exposures. This is the first study about the interaction of these two environmental factors; consequently, it is necessary to continue taking into account more individualized data and other possible environmental risk factors involved. ; This study was funded by Carlos III ...
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
Language: English
Relation: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032506; info:fis/Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento del Sistema Español de I+D+I/Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento/PI19-ISCIII Modalidad Proyectos de Investigacion en Salud Intramurales. (2019)/PI19CIII/00025; info:fis/Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia/Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento/ISCIII 2016 Modalidad Proyectos de Investigacion en Salud Intramurales. (2016)/PI16CIII/00009; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/EPY-505/19-PFIS; info:fis/Instituto de Salud Carlos III/null/null/Subprograma de proyectos de investigacion en salud (AES 2012) (2012)/PI12/01416; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 31;20(3):2506.; http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16788; International journal of environmental research and public health
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032506
Availability: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16788
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032506
Rights: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; Atribución 4.0 Internacional ; open access
Accession Number: edsbas.E301848A
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:Background: Several environmental factors seem to be involved in childhood leukaemia incidence. Traffic exposure could increase the risk while urban green spaces (UGS) exposure could reduce it. However, there is no evidence how these two factors interact on this infant pathology. Objectives: to evaluate how residential proximity to UGS could be an environmental protective factor against traffic exposure on childhood leukaemia incidence. Methods: A population-based case control study was conducted across thirty Spanish regions during the period 2000-2018. It included 2526 incident cases and 15,156, individually matched by sex, year-of-birth, and place-of-residence. Using the geographical coordinates of the participants' home residences, a 500 m proxy for exposure to UGS was built. Annual average daily traffic (AADT) was estimated for all types of roads 100 m near the children's residence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), UGS, traffic exposure, and their possible interactions were calculated for overall childhood leukaemia, and the acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) subtypes, with adjustment for socio-demographic covariates. Results: We found an increment of childhood leukaemia incidence related to traffic exposure, for every 100 AADT increase the incidence raised 1.1% (95% CI: 0.58-1.61%). UGS exposure showed an incidence reduction for the highest exposure level, Q5 (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.54-0.72). Regression models with both traffic exposure and UGS exposure variables showed similar results but the interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Despite their opposite effects on childhood leukaemia incidence individually, our results do not suggest a possible interaction between both exposures. This is the first study about the interaction of these two environmental factors; consequently, it is necessary to continue taking into account more individualized data and other possible environmental risk factors involved. ; This study was funded by Carlos III ...
DOI:10.3390/ijerph20032506