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Association of BMI, lipid-lowering medication, and age with prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a worldwide cross-sectional study

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Title: Association of BMI, lipid-lowering medication, and age with prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a worldwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Authors: European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (EAS FHSC) Amany Elshorbagy, Alexander R M Lyons, Antonio J Vallejo-Vaz, Christophe A T Stevens, Kanika I Dharmayat, Julia Brandts, Alberico L Catapano, Tomas Freiberger, G Kees Hovingh, Pedro Mata, Frederick J Raal, Raul D Santos, Handrean Soran, Gerald F Watts, Marianne Abifadel, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Khalid F Alhabib, Mutaz Alkhnifsawi, Wael Almahmeed, Fahad Alnouri, Rodrigo Alonso, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Ahmad Al-Sarraf, Tester F Ashavaid, Maciej Banach, Christoph J Binder, Mafalda Bourbon, Liam R Brunham, Krzysztof Chlebus, Pablo Corral, Diogo Cruz, Kairat Davletov, Olivier S Descamps, Marat Ezhov, Dan Gaita, Urh Groselj, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Kirsten B Holven, Meral Kayikcioglu, Weerapan Khovidhunkit, Katarina Lalic, Gustavs Latkovskis, Ulrich Laufs, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Marcos M Lima-Martinez, Jie Lin, Vincent Maher, A David Marais, Winfried März, Erkin Mirrakhimov, André R Miserez, Olena Mitchenko, Hapizah Nawawi, Børge G Nordestgaard, Andrie G Panayiotou, György Paragh, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Belma Pojskic, Arman Postadzhiyan, Ashraf Reda, Željko Reiner, Ximena Reyes, Fouzia Sadiq, Wilson E Sadoh, Heribert Schunkert, Aleksandr B Shek, Erik Stroes, Ta-Chen Su, Tavintharan Subramaniam, Andrey V Susekov, Myra Tilney, Brian Tomlinson, Thanh-Huong Truong, Alexandros D Tselepis, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Alejandra Vázquez C, Margus Viigimaa, Branislav Vohnout, Luya Wang, Shizuya Yamashita, Giacomo Biasucci, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, and Kausik K Ray
Contributors: European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (EAS FHSC) Amany Elshorbagy, Authors, M Lyons, Alexander R, J Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio, T Stevens, Christophe A, I Dharmayat, Kanika, Brandts, Julia, L Catapano, Alberico, Freiberger, Toma, Kees Hovingh, G, Mata, Pedro, J Raal, Frederick, D Santos, Raul, Soran, Handrean, F Watts, Gerald, Abifadel, Marianne, A Aguilar-Salinas, Carlo, F Alhabib, Khalid, Alkhnifsawi, Mutaz, Almahmeed, Wael, Alnouri, Fahad, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, F Ashavaid, Tester, Banach, Maciej, J Binder, Christoph, Bourbon, Mafalda, R Brunham, Liam, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Cruz, Diogo, Davletov, Kairat, S Descamps, Olivier, Ezhov, Marat, Gaita, Dan, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, B Holven, Kirsten, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Lalic, Katarina, Latkovskis, Gustav, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelo, M Lima-Martinez, Marco, Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, David Marais, A, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, R Miserez, André, Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah, G Nordestgaard, Børge, G Panayiotou, Andrie, Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Reyes, Ximena, Sadiq, Fouzia, E Sadoh, Wilson, Schunkert, Heribert, B Shek, Aleksandr, Stroes, Erik, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, V Susekov, Andrey, Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh-Huong, D Tselepis, Alexandro, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, C, Alejandra Vázquez, Viigimaa, Margu, Vohnout, Branislav, Wang, Luya, Yamashita, Shizuya, Biasucci, Giacomo, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, K Ray, and Kausik
Publication Year: 2024
Collection: Università di Parma: CINECA IRIS
Description: Background: Statins are the cornerstone treatment for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia but research suggests it could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes was reported in some familial hypercholesterolaemia cohorts, raising the question of whether these patients are protected against type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of known key determinants of type 2 diabetes with its prevalence in people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Methods: This worldwide cross-sectional study used individual-level data from the EAS FHSC registry and included adults older than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia who had data available on age, BMI, and diabetes status. Those with known or suspected homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and type 1 diabetes were excluded. The main outcome was prevalence of type 2 diabetes overall and by WHO region, and in relation to obesity (BMI ≥30·0 kg/m2) and lipid-lowering medication as predictors. The study population was divided into 12 risk categories based on age (tertiles), obesity, and receiving statins, and the risk of type 2 diabetes was investigated using logistic regression. Findings: Among 46 683 adults with individual-level data in the FHSC registry, 24 784 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia were included in the analysis from 44 countries. 19 818 (80%) had a genetically confirmed diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Type 2 diabetes prevalence in the total population was 5·7% (1415 of 24 784), with 4·1% (817 of 19 818) in the genetically diagnosed cohort. Higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the Eastern Mediterranean (58 [29·9%] of 194), South-East Asia and Western Pacific (214 [12·0%] of 1785), and the Americas (166 [8·5%] of 1955) than in Europe (excluding the Netherlands; 527 ...
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
Language: English
Relation: volume:12; issue:11; journal:THE LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY; https://hdl.handle.net/11381/3006274
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00221-3
Availability: https://hdl.handle.net/11381/3006274
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00221-3
Accession Number: edsbas.51DB9788
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:Background: Statins are the cornerstone treatment for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia but research suggests it could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes was reported in some familial hypercholesterolaemia cohorts, raising the question of whether these patients are protected against type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of known key determinants of type 2 diabetes with its prevalence in people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Methods: This worldwide cross-sectional study used individual-level data from the EAS FHSC registry and included adults older than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia who had data available on age, BMI, and diabetes status. Those with known or suspected homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and type 1 diabetes were excluded. The main outcome was prevalence of type 2 diabetes overall and by WHO region, and in relation to obesity (BMI ≥30·0 kg/m2) and lipid-lowering medication as predictors. The study population was divided into 12 risk categories based on age (tertiles), obesity, and receiving statins, and the risk of type 2 diabetes was investigated using logistic regression. Findings: Among 46 683 adults with individual-level data in the FHSC registry, 24 784 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia were included in the analysis from 44 countries. 19 818 (80%) had a genetically confirmed diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Type 2 diabetes prevalence in the total population was 5·7% (1415 of 24 784), with 4·1% (817 of 19 818) in the genetically diagnosed cohort. Higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the Eastern Mediterranean (58 [29·9%] of 194), South-East Asia and Western Pacific (214 [12·0%] of 1785), and the Americas (166 [8·5%] of 1955) than in Europe (excluding the Netherlands; 527 ...
DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00221-3