Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

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Title: Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Authors: Hay, S.I., Ong, K.L., Santomauro, D.F., A, B., Aalipour, M.A., Aalruz, H., Ababneh, H.S., Abaraogu, U.O., Abate, B.B., Abbafati, C., Abbas, N., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd ElHafeez, S., Abdalla, A.N., Abdalla, M.A., Abdallah, E.M., Abdeeq, B.A., Abdel Razeq, N.M.I., Abdelgalil, A.A., Abdel-Hameed, R., Abdelmasseh, M., Abdelnabi, M., Abdel-Rahman, W.M., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdi, S., Abdollahi, M., Abdoun, M., Abdous, A., Abdul Aziz, J.M., Abdulah, D.M., Abdulkader, R.S., Abdullahi, A., Abdul-Rahman, T., Abdykerimova, K., Abebe Getahun, H., Abedi, A., Abejew, A.A., Abeldaño Zuñiga, R.A., Abhilash, E.S., Abid, S.U.A., Abidi, S.H., Abie, A., Abiodun, O.O., Abiodun, O., Aboagye, R.G., Abohashem, S., Abolhassani, H., Abonie, U.S., Abourashed, N.M., Abouzid, M., Abramov, D., Abreu, L.G., Abtahi, D., Abu Farha, R.K., Abuadas, F.H.A., Abubakar, A.K., Abubakar, B., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abuhammad, S., Abuhelwa, A.Y., Abukhadijah, H.J., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Aburuz, S., Abushanab, D., Achar, R.R., Acharya, A.B., Acharya, A., Ackerman, I.N., Acuna, J.M., Adal, O., Adams, L.C., Adamu, L.H., Adane, M.M., Addisu, Z.D., Addo, I.Y., Adeagbo, O.A., Adebisi, T.A., Adedeji, I.A., Adedia, D., Adedokun, K.A., Adedoyin, R.A., Adegbile, O.E., Adegboye, O.A., Adegoke, N.A., Adeleke, O.T., Adesina, I.A., Adesina, M.A., Adewuyi, H.O., Adeyeoluwa, T.E., Adeyomoye, O.I., Adhikari, K., Adhikary, R.K., Adiga, U., Adnan, M., Adnani, Q.E.S., Adoma, P.O., Adzigbli, L.A., Adzrago, D., Affinito, G., Afifi, A.M., Afolabi, A.A., Afolabi, R.F., Afzal, S., Agafari, G.B., Agampodi, S.B., Ageru, T.A., Aggarwal, N., Aghaalikhani, M., Aghajanian, S., Aghamir, S.M.K., Agostinis Sobrinho, C., Agrawal, A., Agyemang-Duah, W., Ahadi, M., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, D., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, K., Ahmad, M.M., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, R., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, T., Ahmad, W., Ahmadi, N.S., Ahmadzade, A.M., Ahmadzade, M., Ahmed, A.O., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, G.S., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, J., Ahmed, L.A., Ahmed, M.S., Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, O., Ahmed, S., Ahmed, S.M., Aimagambetova, G., AJ Jabbar, A., Ajala, D.E., Ajami, M., Ajose, A.O., Akbarialiabad, H., Akbarifard, S., Akeju, O., Akhigbe, R.E., Akinkuotu, O.A., Akinosoglou, K., Akkaif, M.A., Akkala, S., Akosile, W., Akram, H., Akrami, A.E., Akyea, R.K., Al Amiry, A., Al Awaidy, S., Al Hasan, S.M., Al Omari, O., Al Qadire, M., Al Ta'ani, O., Al Taie, W.A.M., Al Thaher, Y., Al Zaabi, O.A.M., Al Zoubi, M.A.M., Al-Abbadi, M.A., Al-Ajlouni, Y., Alalwan, T.A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, M., Alam, M.K., Al-Amer, R.M., Alamrew, A., Alansari, A., Alanzi, T.M., Al-Ashwal, F.Y., Al-Asmar, R., Alavi, S.M.A., Albashtawy, M., Al-Dalakta, A., Aldawsari, K.A., Aldhaleei, W.A., Aldossary, M.S., Aldridge, R.W., Alebshehy, R., Aleidi, S.M., Alemayehu, B.A., Alemayehu, T.T., Alemnew, F., Alemu, M.B., Al-Eyadhy, A., Alfalki, A.M., Algahtani, F.D., Algammal, A.M., Algethami, M.R., Al-Gheethi, A.A.S., Al-Habbal, K., Alhabib, K.F., Alhaji, N.B., Al-Hajj, S., Alhalaiqa, F.N., Al-Hanawi, M.K., Alhassan Ibrahim, A., Alhumaidi, A., Alhumaydhi, F.A., Alhuwail, D., Ali, A., Ali, H.M., Ali, I., Ali, M., Ali, M.D., Ali, M.U., Ali, R., Ali, S., Ali, S.S., Ali, S.Y., Ali, W., Al-Ibraheem, A., Alicandro, G., Al-Iede, M., Alif, S.M., Alipour, M., Al-Jabi, S.W., Aljasir, M.A., Aljofan, M., Al-Jumaily, A., Aljunid, S.M., Alkhatib, A., Alkhatib, M.H., Alkhawam, M., Allahbakhshian, A., Allemailem, K.S., Allouh, M.Z., Almagharbeh, W.T., Almahmeed, W., Al-Marwani, S., Almasri, N.A., Almazan, J.U., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Almidani, O., Almobayed, A., Alnawafleh, K.A., Alniss, H.Y., Alocious Sukumar, M.B., Alomari, M.A., Alosta, M.R., Alqahtani, J.S., Alqahtani, S.A., Alqudimat, M.R., Al-Qudimat, A.R., Alrawashdeh, A., Alrimawi, I., Alrousan, S.M., Al-Sabah, S.K., Alsabri, M.A., Alshahrani, N.Z., Alshehri, M.A., Altaany, Z., Altaf, A., Al-Tammemi, A.B., Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Althobiani, M.A., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvarez-Galvez, J., Alves Carneiro, V.L., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Alwafi, H., Al-Wardat, M., Al-Worafi, Y.M., Aly, H., Alyahya, M.S.I., AlZahmi, A., Alzahrani, H., Alzoubi, K.H., Al-Zubayer, M.A., Amaechi, U.A., Amafah, E.J., Amafah, J., Aman Mohammadi, M., Amani-Beni, R., Amegah, A.K., Amer, F., Amidi, B., Amin, A., Amin, T.T., Amindarolzarbi, A., Amini, S., Amini-Salehi, E., Aminu, N., Aminzare, M., Amiri, S., Amlag, J.O., Amugsi, D.A., Amzat, J., Anagnostakis, F., Ananda, R.A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, D.B., Anderson, J.A., Androudi, S., Anenberg, S.C., Ang, S.P., Angus, C., Anh, N.H., Ankomah, S.E., Annadurai, K., Anoushiravani, A., Ansari, I., Ansari, S., Ansari, U., Anteneh, R.M., Antó, J.M., Antony, C.M., Antriyandarti, E., Anuoluwa, B.S., Anwar, S., Anwar, S.L., Anwer, R., Anwer, S., Anyasodor, A.E., Apostol, G.L.C., Arab, J.P., Arabi, H., Arabloo, J., Arafat, M., Aravkin, A.Y., Areda, D., Arias de la Torre, J., Ariffin, H., Armocida, B., Ärnlöv, J., Arockiaraj, J., Arooj, M., Artamonov, A.A., Artanti, K.D., Aruleba, R.T., Arumuganainar, D., Aryntayeva, N., Asadi Anar, M., Asaduzzaman, M., Asdaq, S.M.B., Asefa, S.M., Asemu, M.T., Asgary, S., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Ashbaugh, C., Ashraf, S.A., Ashraf, T., Ashrafi, M., Ashrafizadeh, M., Asiamah-Asare, B.K.Y., Aslam, M.S., Aslani, S., Asri, Y., Assembekov, B., Astell-Burt, T., Ataei, M., Athari, M., Athari, S.S., Atout, M.M.W., Atre, S.R., Atreya, A., Atta, J.A., Atwan, Z.A., Aumoldaeva, Z.M., Ausloos, M., Avan, A., Avelar, N.C.P., Awan, S.J., Awosile, B.B., Awotidebe, A.W., Ayana, L.A.A., Ayatizadeh, S.H., Ayinde, O.O., Ayipo, Y.O., Ayyoubzadeh, S.M., Azadi, D., Azadnajafabad, S., Azarboo, A., Azargoonjahromi, A., Azhar, M., Azimi, F., Aziz, M.Y., Aziz, S.A., Azizan, A., Azzam, A.Y., Azzolino, D., Babandi, Z.S., Babiker, R., Babu, G.R., Bacha, I.T., Badar, M., Badiye, A.D., Badran, A.A., Bae, Y., Bagga, A., Baghdadi, S., Bagheri, N., Bagheri, S., Baghizadeh, E., Baghizadeh, F., Baghizadeh, S., Baghlaf, K.K., Bahmanziari, N., Bahrami, M.A., Bahreini, R., Bai, R., Baig, A.A., Baigi, V., Bakkannavar, S.M., Bako, A.T., Balakrishnan, S., Balcha, W.F., Balkis, M., Balmori-de-la-Miyar, J., Balooch Hasankhani, M., Baltatu, O.C., Bamashmous, S., Banach, M., Banakar, M., Banik, P.C., Banik, R., Barati, S., Barengo, N.C., Barker-Collo, S.L., Barqawi, H.J., Barreras Beltran, I.A., Barrow, A., Barteit, S., Barua, L., Bashar, M.D.A., Basharat, Z., Bashir, S., Basile, G., Baskaran, P., Basri, R., Bassat, Q., Bastan, M.-M., Basu, S., Batra, K., Baune, B.T., Bayat, M., Bayat Tork, M.A., Bayih, M.T., Bayisa, F.S., Bayleyegn, N.S., Beaney, T., Bedi, N., Beeraka, N.M., Behera, P., Behjati, J., Behnam, B., Behnoush, A.H., Bekele, B.K., Belayneh, A.G., Belayneh, M., Belete, A.C., Belge Bilgin, G., Belingheri, M., Bello, M.B., Bello, O.O., Belo, L., Beloukas, A., Bendak, S., Bendardaf, R., Benjet, C., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Bente Kamal Tune, S.N., Benzian, H., Berezvai, Z., Bergami, M., Berhie, A.Y., Berihun, A.A., Bermudez, A.N.C., Bernabe, E., Bernstein, R.S., Bettencourt, P.J.G., Bhadoria, A.S., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhala, N., Bhandari, J., Bhangdia, K., Bharadwaj, R., Bhaskar, S., Bhat, A.N., Bhat, A., Bhat, V., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharjee, S., Bhatti, G.K., Bhatti, J.S., Bhatti, M.S., Bhatti, R., Bhuyan, S.S., Biadgilign, S.K., Bievel-Radulescu, R., Bilgin, C., Biroudian, S., Bisignano, C., Biswas, A., Biswas, B., Biswas, R.K., Bitar, A.N., Bitew, M., Bizzozero-Peroni, B., Bjertness, E., Blyth, F.M., Bodhare, T., Bodolica, V., Bodur, M., Bohn, L., Bokota, R., Bolarinwa, O.A., Bolla, S.R., Bolourinejad, P., Bonny, A., Boppana, S.H., Bora Basara, B., Bordbar, S., Borhany, H., Botero Carvajal, A., Bouaoud, S., Boufous, S., Bourne, R.R.A., Boxe, C., Bozic, M.M., Brahmaiah, J., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N.J.K., Brenner, H., Brewer, E.D., Britton, G., Brown, J., Browne, A.J., Brugha, T., Buchweitz, C., Bugiardini, R., Bui, L.P., Bulamu, N.B., Bunare, T.S., Buonsenso, D., Burhan, A., Burkart, K., Burns, R.A., Busch, F., Busse, R., Bustanji, Y., Butt, Z.A., Buxbaum, C., C J, S., Cagney, J., Cai, T., Cairns, R., Çakmak Barsbay, M., Calina, D., Cámera, L.A., Campos, L.A., Campos-Nonato, I., Cao, F., Cao, Y., Capodici, A., Cárdenas, R., Carr, S., Carreras, G., Carrero, J.J., Carter, A., Carugno, A., Carvalho, A.F., Carvalho-e-Silva, A.P., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Catapano, A.L., Cattaruzza, M.S., Caye, A., Cederroth, C.R., Cegolon, L., Cembranel, F., Cenderadewi, M., Cercy, K.M., Cerin, E., Cerrai, S., Cevik, M., Chakkere Shivamadhu, M., Chakraborty, C., Chakraborty, P.A., Chakraborty, S., Chandan, J.S., Chandika, R.M., Chandradasa, M., Chandrasekar, E.K., Chang, J.-C., Chattu, V.K., Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V., Chau, L.D., Chaudhuri, S., Chaurasia, A., Chemeda, G.B., Chen, A.-T., Chen, C.S., Chen, G., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, M.X., Chen, S., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H., Cheung, K.C., Chew, N.W.S., Chi, G., Chien, J.-H., Chimed-Ochir, O., Ching, P.R., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Chisari, C.G., Cho, W.C.S., Chong, B., Chong, Y.Y., Chou, H.I., Chowdhury, E.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Christensen, H., Christensen, S.W.M., Chu, D.-T., Chukwu, I.S., Chung, E., Chung, S.-C., Chung, S., Chutiyami, M., Cicero, A.F.G., Ciobanu, L.G., Cogen, R.M., Cohen, A.J., Columbus, A., Conde, J., Congly, S.E., Conrad, N., Conti, S., Corda, M.O., Corlateanu, A., Cortese, S., Cortesi, P.A., Cosma, C., Cousin, E., Cowart, E.J., Criqui, M.H., Crist, A., Cruz, J.A., Cruz-Martins, N., Cui, X., Culbreth, G.T., Dababo, N., Dabbagh, A., Dadras, O., Dahiru, T., Dai, X., Dai, Z., Dalakoti, M., Dalal, K., Dalla Costa, G., Damiani, G., D'Amico, E., Damtew, Y.T., Daniel, R.A.A., D'Anna, L., Danpanichkul, P., Darcho, S.D., Dardas, L.A., Darouei, B., Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R., Dastiridou, A., Davey, G., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis Weaver, N., Davletov, D., Davletov, K., Davoudi, E., De la Hoz, F.P., de Luca, K., DeCleene, N.K., Dee, E.C., Deegan, O., Deekonda, S., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dehesh, P., Deitesfeld, L., Dejenie, T.A., Delbari, P., Delsoz, M., Demeke, D., Demetriades, A.K., Demsie, D.G., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derese, T.N., Dergaa, I., Derseh, H.A., Dervišević, E., Desta, A.A., Devanbu, V.G.C., Devarakonda, P.K., Dewan, S.M.R., Dhali, A., Dhama, K., Dhamija, R.K., Dhane, A.S., Dhania, N.K., Dhimal, M.L., Dhimal, M., Dhingra, S., Dhungel, B., Di Pumpo, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Diaz, L.A., Didehvar, K., Dillard, L.K., Dima, A., Ding, X., Dinkayehu, T.E., Do, H.P., Do, T.H.P., Dokova, K.G., Dolecek, C., Dominguez, R.-M.V., Dondi, F., D'Oria, M., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, O.P., Dourado, P.M.M., Dowou, R.K., Dresse, M.T., Driscoll, T.R., Dsouza, A.C., Dsouza, V.S., Du, J., Dube, J., Dumbili, E.W., Dumith, S.C., Dunne, J., Duraes, A.R., Duraisamy, S., Durojaiye, O.C., Dutta, A.K., Dziedzic, A.M., E'mar, A.R., Ebohon, O., Eboreime, E., Ebraheim, L.L.M., Ebrahimi, A., Ebrahimi, M.H., Ebrahimi, S., Ed-Dra, A., Edelduok, E.G., Edvardsson, K., Efendi, F., Eftekhari, B., Eghbali, F., Ehsani, F., Eighaei Sedeh, A., Eikemo, T.A., Eini, E., Ekholuenetale, M., Ekundayo, T.C., El Arab, R.A., EL Omri, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., Eladl, M.A., Elahi, R., El-Ashker, S., Elbeshbeishy, R., Elemam, N.M., ElGohary, G.M.T., Elhadi, M., Elhoumed, M., El-Huneidi, W., Elkannishy, S., Elmeligy, O.A.A., Elmorsi, R., Elmoselhi, A.B., Elnaem, M.H., ELNahas, G., Elshaer, M., Elsohaby, I., Eltahawy, A.S.A., Emagneneh, T., Emeto, T.I., Emojevwe, V.O., Endeshaw, D., Endriyas, M., Erskine, H.E., Esezobor, C.I., Eshetu, D., Eshetu, H.B., Eshun, G., Eskandarieh, S., Eslami, M., Espírito Santo, R.C.D., Esposito, F., Estep, K., Estrada, C.A.M., Eva, F.N., Ezenwankwo, E., Fadaka, A.O., Fadavian, H., Fagbamigbe, A.F., Fahim, A., Fakhradiyev, I.R., Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A., Fan, Q., Farahmand, M., Faraon, E.J.A., Fareed, M., Farhana, Z., Farinha, C.S.E.S., Faris, M.E.M., Faro, A., Farooq, S.M.Y., Farooque, U., Farrokhpour, H., Farshad, F., Farsi, F., Faruk, M.O., Fasina, F.O., Fasina, M.M., Fasusi, E.T., Fatehizadeh, A., Fathi, D., Fatima, Z., Fazlzadeh, M., Fei, L., Feigin, V.L., Feizkhah, A., Fekadu, G., Feleke, B.E., Feng, D., Feng, K., Feng, X., Ferdous, T.R., Fereshtehnejad, S.-M., Fernandez-Jimenez, R., Ferrara, P., Ferrari, A.J., Ferreira, A., Ferreira, N., Feter, N., Finnemore, A., Fiorilla, C., Fischer, F., Fitriana, I., Flor, L.S., Fogacci, F., Folayan, M.O., Fonzo, M., Force, L.M., Fornari, A., Fornari, C., Forthun, I., Fortuna, D., Foschi, M., Fotouhi, M., Fowobaje, K.R., Foyet F, J.V., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, A., Fu, J., Fullman, N., Fux, B., G, S., Gaal, P.A., Gadeka, D.D., Gajdács, M., Galali, Y., Gallus, S., Ganapathy, D., Gangachannaiah, S., Ganie, M.A., Gao, D., Gao, X., Garba, B., Garcia, F.B., Garcia, V., Garcia-Argibay, M., Garcia-Azorin, D., Gardner, W.M., Garlasco, J., Gatzioufas, Z., Gautam, P., Gautam, R.K., Gazzelloni, F., Gebre, F.S., Gebregergis, M.W., Gebreslassie, H.G., Gelibter, S., George, N.S., Gerami Matin, A., Getahun, G.K., Gete, K.Y., Ghadimi, D.J., Ghadiri, K., Ghadirian, F., Ghaffari Jolfayi, A., Ghamari, S.-H., Ghamkhar, A., Ghandili, A., Ghasemi, M., Ghasemi, M.-R., Ghasemi Assl, S., Ghasrsaz, H., Ghazy, R.M., Ghimire, S., Ghith, N., Gholizadeh, N., Ghotbi, E., Gialluisi, A., Giannakis, K., Gibson, R.M., Gil, A.U., Gil, G.F., Gilani, S.A., Gilbertson, N.M., Gill, T.K., Ginindza, T.G., Giri, B.R., Girmay, A.A., Girombelli, A., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Göbölös, L., Gohari, K., Golechha, M., Goleij, P., Golestani, A., Golinelli, D., Golmohammadi, M., Gong, W., Gopalani, S.V., Goshu, Y.A., Goulart, A.C., Goyal, A., Grada, A., Graham, S.M., Grieco, V., Grivna, M., Grover, A., Guadie, H.A., Guan, S.-Y., Guan, Z., Guarducci, G., Gubari, M.I.M., Guha, A., Gunawardane, D.A., Guo, X., Guo, Z., Gupta, A.K., Gupta, H., Gupta, I., Gupta, L., Gupta, R.D., Gupta, R., Gupta, S., Gupta, V.B., Gupta, V.K., Gupta, V., Guracho, Y.D., Gurmessa, L., Gutiérrez, R.A., Gutiérrez-Murillo, R.S., Guttoo, P., 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Gakidou, E.
Publisher Information: Elsevier BV
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: White Rose Research Online (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield & York)
Description: BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI ...
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
File Description: text
Language: English
Relation: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/234082/1/PIIS014067362501637X.pdf; Hay, S.I., Ong, K.L., Santomauro, D.F. et al. (2777 more authors) (2025) Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. The Lancet, 406 (10513). pp. 1873-1922. ISSN: 0140-6736
Availability: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/234082/
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/234082/1/PIIS014067362501637X.pdf
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext
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Accession Number: edsbas.4CE3E6E1
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI ...