Od tez Marcina Lutra do kazań Jacoba Heggego. Kościół w Gdańsku w przededniu pierwszych wystąpień reformacyjnych: From Martin Luther’s theses to Jacob Hegge’s sermons. Church in Gdańsk on the eve of first manifestations of Reformation
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| Názov: | Od tez Marcina Lutra do kazań Jacoba Heggego. Kościół w Gdańsku w przededniu pierwszych wystąpień reformacyjnych: From Martin Luther’s theses to Jacob Hegge’s sermons. Church in Gdańsk on the eve of first manifestations of Reformation |
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| Zdroj: | Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. 63:63-90 |
| Informácie o vydavateľovi: | 2019. |
| Rok vydania: | 2019 |
| Predmety: | kryzys Kościoła, sądownictwo duchowne, crisis of the Church, przyczyny reformacji, early modern towns, Royal Prussia, reasons for Reformation, Prusy Królewskie, duchowieństwo diecezjalne, miasta wczesnonowożytne, diocesan clergy, ecclesiastical judiciary |
| Popis: | In the article the author fi rst focuses on presentation of a condensed report on the state and structures (especially diocesan ones) of the Catholic Church in Gdańsk on the eve of fi rst manifestations of Reformation in 1517–1522. Th e second goal of this study was reconstruction of events related to the life of the Church and functioning of its institutions in the six-year period indicated in the title. It was done with the use of existing literature on the subject, mostly well informed German-language publications, with verifi cation and systemizing of the data. Th e author also took an attempt to complete this point basing on the unused or just mentioned in literature original documents from the analysed times, such as letters, writings, and legal acts from the town archives or records on activities of Kuyavian-Pomeranian bishops. Gdańsk was a large and strong urban centre with developed structure of Church institutions, episcopal and diocesan offi ce court, six parishes, four big monasteries and several smaller quasi-monastic houses, a number of hospitals, parish schools, foundational chapels and landed property constituting the economic background of this particular sacral zone. Th is space was full of diocesan priests, preachers, chaplains, mansionaries, plus a large group of monks and nuns, Beguines and penitents. But parish priests, mostly stemming from the local elites of dignitaries and clerks in the service of the Church and the state, were missing on the spot. An analysis of the aforementioned documentation proved that in the six years in question no material events of pro-Reformation character took place, but it revealed a number of shortcomings and appalling facts in the life of the local Church. Th ey created an atmosphere of spiritual crisis preceding the outburst of Lutheran religious revolution. One of such facts, which is worth mentioning, was a confl ict between the Becker and Hacke families in 1515–1517, or the inheritance case in the Mandt family, lasting at least from 1519 to 1522. Th ey showed selfi shness of persons representing Church institutions, using all legal measures, and even excommunicating and libelling opponents. Attitude of the main Catholic dignitary of the town, Gdańsk and Pomerania offi cial Jakub Longus, was also of a key importance. Longus very often applied the most grave Church censures in cases that also related to fi nancial matters. Severe disciplining of congregation members facing two ongoing wars, meltdown of urban fi nances and weakening of the rulers’ authority in the town led to acceleration of negative moods. In such situation it was easy to incite religious disturbance, and charismatic preachers like Jacob Hegge, who began an open Reformation activity, quickly won supporters and followers. Przedmiotem niniejszej analizy jest sytuacja Kościoła w Gdańsku w latach 1517–1522, w przededniu pierwszych wystąpień reformacyjnych w tym ważnym dla Prus Królewskich i Polski ośrodku miejskim. W artykule na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, a przede wszystkim zachowanych dokumentów, pism, listów oraz akt działalności biskupa włocławskiego, ordynariusza miejsca, zrekonstruowano przebieg wydarzeń poprzedzających działalność pierwszego reformatora Gdańska, Jacoba Heggego. Istotnym celem badań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy zapoczątkowane wystąpieniem Marcina Lutra reformacyjne wrzenie miało jakikolwiek wpływ na sytuację Kościoła w Gdańsku. Przypadek Gdańska zestawiono z sytuacją w kilku miastach Polski i Rzeszy, m.in. w Krakowie, Lubece, Hamburgu. |
| Druh dokumentu: | Article |
| Jazyk: | Polish |
| ISSN: | 0029-8514 |
| DOI: | 10.12775/oirwp.2019.0210.12775/oirwp.2019.02 |
| Prístupové číslo: | edsair.dris...02463..d2fedd326152092376f3fa068dc3c7ff |
| Databáza: | OpenAIRE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | In the article the author fi rst focuses on presentation of a condensed report on the state and structures (especially diocesan ones) of the Catholic Church in Gdańsk on the eve of fi rst manifestations of Reformation in 1517–1522. Th e second goal of this study was reconstruction of events related to the life of the Church and functioning of its institutions in the six-year period indicated in the title. It was done with the use of existing literature on the subject, mostly well informed German-language publications, with verifi cation and systemizing of the data. Th e author also took an attempt to complete this point basing on the unused or just mentioned in literature original documents from the analysed times, such as letters, writings, and legal acts from the town archives or records on activities of Kuyavian-Pomeranian bishops. Gdańsk was a large and strong urban centre with developed structure of Church institutions, episcopal and diocesan offi ce court, six parishes, four big monasteries and several smaller quasi-monastic houses, a number of hospitals, parish schools, foundational chapels and landed property constituting the economic background of this particular sacral zone. Th is space was full of diocesan priests, preachers, chaplains, mansionaries, plus a large group of monks and nuns, Beguines and penitents. But parish priests, mostly stemming from the local elites of dignitaries and clerks in the service of the Church and the state, were missing on the spot. An analysis of the aforementioned documentation proved that in the six years in question no material events of pro-Reformation character took place, but it revealed a number of shortcomings and appalling facts in the life of the local Church. Th ey created an atmosphere of spiritual crisis preceding the outburst of Lutheran religious revolution. One of such facts, which is worth mentioning, was a confl ict between the Becker and Hacke families in 1515–1517, or the inheritance case in the Mandt family, lasting at least from 1519 to 1522. Th ey showed selfi shness of persons representing Church institutions, using all legal measures, and even excommunicating and libelling opponents. Attitude of the main Catholic dignitary of the town, Gdańsk and Pomerania offi cial Jakub Longus, was also of a key importance. Longus very often applied the most grave Church censures in cases that also related to fi nancial matters. Severe disciplining of congregation members facing two ongoing wars, meltdown of urban fi nances and weakening of the rulers’ authority in the town led to acceleration of negative moods. In such situation it was easy to incite religious disturbance, and charismatic preachers like Jacob Hegge, who began an open Reformation activity, quickly won supporters and followers.<br />Przedmiotem niniejszej analizy jest sytuacja Kościoła w Gdańsku w latach 1517–1522, w przededniu pierwszych wystąpień reformacyjnych w tym ważnym dla Prus Królewskich i Polski ośrodku miejskim. W artykule na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, a przede wszystkim zachowanych dokumentów, pism, listów oraz akt działalności biskupa włocławskiego, ordynariusza miejsca, zrekonstruowano przebieg wydarzeń poprzedzających działalność pierwszego reformatora Gdańska, Jacoba Heggego. Istotnym celem badań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy zapoczątkowane wystąpieniem Marcina Lutra reformacyjne wrzenie miało jakikolwiek wpływ na sytuację Kościoła w Gdańsku. Przypadek Gdańska zestawiono z sytuacją w kilku miastach Polski i Rzeszy, m.in. w Krakowie, Lubece, Hamburgu. |
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| ISSN: | 00298514 |
| DOI: | 10.12775/oirwp.2019.0210.12775/oirwp.2019.02 |