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Infection episodes and islet autoantibodies in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Title: Infection episodes and islet autoantibodies in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zeller, Ivo, Weiss, Andreas, Arnolds, Stefanie, Schütte-Borkovec, Katharina, Arabi, Sari, von dem Berge, Thekla, Casteels, Kristina, Hommel, Angela, Kordonouri, Olga, Larsson, Helena Elding, Lundgren, Markus, Rochtus, Anne, Snape, Matthew D., Szypowka, Agnieszka, Vatish, Manu, Winkler, Christiane, Bonifacio, Ezio, Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele, for the GPPAD Study Group
Source: Infection
Publisher Information: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Subject Terms: Male, 0301 basic medicine, RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS, Research, Infection, Type 1 diabetes, Autoimmunity, COVID-19, 4202 Epidemiology, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, Microbiology, DISEASE, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Islets of Langerhans, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk Factors, COXSACKIEVIRUS B1, Humans, Pandemics, Autoantibodies, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence, 3202 Clinical sciences, Infant, 1103 Clinical Sciences, ASSOCIATION, ddc, 3. Good health, GPPAD Study Group, Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Child, Preschool, BETA-CELL AUTOIMMUNITY, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Female [MeSH], Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology [MeSH], COVID-19/immunology [MeSH], Autoantibodies/blood [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Incidence [MeSH], Risk Factors [MeSH], Pandemics [MeSH], Islets of Langerhans/immunology [MeSH], Infant [MeSH], Male [MeSH], SARS-CoV-2/immunology [MeSH], Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology [MeSH], COVID-19/epidemiology [MeSH], Child, Preschool [MeSH]
Description: Objectives To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. Results The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304–318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304–338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148–173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020—February 2021; P P = 0.46), and 3.4 (95% CI 2.3–4.8) per 100 person-years in subsequent years (P = 0.005 vs. pre-pandemic year; P Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly altered infection patterns. Islet autoantibody incidence rates increased two-fold when infection rates returned to pre-pandemic levels.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1439-0973
0300-8126
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4022301/v1
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38874748
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77a3cf19-d7cb-4972-9274-0d0cc57680d3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/744301
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6502151
https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1770318
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....f84123a81a450c8d9115a43dacb8b22d
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Objectives To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. Results The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304–318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304–338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148–173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020—February 2021; P P = 0.46), and 3.4 (95% CI 2.3–4.8) per 100 person-years in subsequent years (P = 0.005 vs. pre-pandemic year; P Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly altered infection patterns. Islet autoantibody incidence rates increased two-fold when infection rates returned to pre-pandemic levels.
ISSN:14390973
03008126
DOI:10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y