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Efficacy, side effects, adherence, affordability, and procurement of dietary supplements for treating hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review

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Title: Efficacy, side effects, adherence, affordability, and procurement of dietary supplements for treating hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review
Authors: von Känel-Cordoba, Isabel, Wirnitzer, Katharina, Weiss, Katja, Nikolaidis, Pantelis T, Devrim-Lanpir, Asli, Hill, Lee, Rosemann, Thomas, Knechtle, Beat
Contributors: University of Zurich, Knechtle, Beat
Source: J Health Popul Nutr
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Vol 43, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
Publisher Information: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Subject Terms: 11035 Institute of General Practice, RC620-627, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hypercholesterolemia, 610 Medicine & health, Review, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cynara scolymus, Flax, 2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Humans, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Garlic, 1106 Food Science, Assessment of Medication Adherence, Biological Products, Statins [Supplementary Concept], Plant Extracts, 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dietary supplements, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Treatment Outcome, Red yeast rice, Dietary Supplements, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Medication Adherence/statistics, Cost-Benefit Analysis [MeSH], Hypercholesterolemia/diet therapy [MeSH], Dietary Supplements/economics [MeSH], Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/economics [MeSH], Medicine, Ayurvedic [MeSH], Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy [MeSH], Plant Extracts/economics [MeSH], Biological Products/economics [MeSH], Plant Extracts/therapeutic use [MeSH], Garlic/chemistry [MeSH], Dietary Supplements/adverse effects [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Treatment Outcome [MeSH], Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use [MeSH], Hypercholesterolemia/economics [MeSH], Flax [MeSH], Cynara scolymus [MeSH], Biological Products/administration, Biological Products/adverse effects [MeSH]
Description: Statins are effective in reducing high cholesterol levels; however, due to associated side effects, many patients actively seek alternative medications. This review evaluates the efficacy, side effects, patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility of dietary supplements (DS) as a treatment option for hypercholesterolemia.This narrative review compares red yeast rice (RYR), flaxseed, artichokes, bergamot, Ayurvedic mixtures (with garlic as a prominent ingredient), and statins for treating hypercholesterolemia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2012 and 2024 using "hypercholesterolemia" in combination with a dietary supplement (red yeast rice, flaxseed, artichokes, garlic, or bergamot). The selected articles were published until 28th January 2024 with no language restrictions.Study results suggest that alternative treatments using dietary supplements such as flaxseed, bergamot, or red yeast rice may effectively reduce cholesterol levels, with the specific value varying based on the study.The following natural ingredients - red yeast rice, artichoke extract, bergamot, garlic, and flaxseed - have been specifically selected for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Based on consistent usage, except for aged garlic extract, these ingredients appear to have a beneficial impact on cholesterol levels. (1) It is advisable to conduct a comprehensive cohort study to assess the efficacy of relevant dietary supplements, particularly red yeast rice, bergamot, and flaxseed, in treating hypercholesterolemia. This is important due to the varying effectiveness of alternative treatments. However, there are lingering concerns regarding the lack of supervision and quality control that require attention. (2) Further research into the specific molecular composition and the underlying mechanisms by which it reduces cholesterol levels is warranted.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
Language: English
ISSN: 2072-1315
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00679-0
DOI: 10.5167/uzh-265375
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39563466
https://doaj.org/article/aa28edc895154bd491234accc94d1ec1
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6493021
Rights: CC BY NC ND
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....ebd391526e71d5e2a780e24ae424670f
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Statins are effective in reducing high cholesterol levels; however, due to associated side effects, many patients actively seek alternative medications. This review evaluates the efficacy, side effects, patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility of dietary supplements (DS) as a treatment option for hypercholesterolemia.This narrative review compares red yeast rice (RYR), flaxseed, artichokes, bergamot, Ayurvedic mixtures (with garlic as a prominent ingredient), and statins for treating hypercholesterolemia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2012 and 2024 using "hypercholesterolemia" in combination with a dietary supplement (red yeast rice, flaxseed, artichokes, garlic, or bergamot). The selected articles were published until 28th January 2024 with no language restrictions.Study results suggest that alternative treatments using dietary supplements such as flaxseed, bergamot, or red yeast rice may effectively reduce cholesterol levels, with the specific value varying based on the study.The following natural ingredients - red yeast rice, artichoke extract, bergamot, garlic, and flaxseed - have been specifically selected for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Based on consistent usage, except for aged garlic extract, these ingredients appear to have a beneficial impact on cholesterol levels. (1) It is advisable to conduct a comprehensive cohort study to assess the efficacy of relevant dietary supplements, particularly red yeast rice, bergamot, and flaxseed, in treating hypercholesterolemia. This is important due to the varying effectiveness of alternative treatments. However, there are lingering concerns regarding the lack of supervision and quality control that require attention. (2) Further research into the specific molecular composition and the underlying mechanisms by which it reduces cholesterol levels is warranted.
ISSN:20721315
DOI:10.1186/s41043-024-00679-0