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Long-term physical health conditions and youth anxiety and depression: Is there a causal link?

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Title: Long-term physical health conditions and youth anxiety and depression: Is there a causal link?
Authors: Amy Shakeshaft, Jessica R. Mundy, Emil M. Pedersen, Charlotte A. Dennison, Lucy Riglin, Daniela Bragantini, Elizabeth C. Corfield, Ajay K. Thapar, Ole A. Andreassen, Evie Stergiakouli, George Davey Smith, Laurie Hannigan, Katherine L. Musliner, Alexandra Havdahl, Anita Thapar
Source: Psychol Med
Shakeshaft, A, Mundy, J R, Pedersen, E M, Dennison, C A, Riglin, L, Bragantini, D, Corfield, E C, Thapar, A K, Andreassen, O A, Stergiakouli, E, Davey Smith, G, Hannigan, L, Musliner, K L, Havdahl, A & Thapar, A 2025, 'Long-term physical health conditions and youth anxiety and depression : Is there a causal link?', Psychological Medicine, vol. 55, e7, pp. e7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003271
Publisher Information: Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Subject Terms: Male, Adolescent, Depression/epidemiology, Health Status, Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology, Anxiety, Long-term physical health condition, Pediatrics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Humans, Registries, MoBa, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depression, Norway, The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Norway/epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders, Original Article, Female, name=Bristol Population Health Science Institute, Anxiety/epidemiology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Description: Background The prevalence of youth anxiety and depression has increased globally, with limited causal explanations. Long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) affect 20–40% of youth, with rates also rising. LTCs are associated with higher rates of youth depression and anxiety; however, it is uncertain whether observed associations are causal or explained by unmeasured confounding or reverse causation. Methods Using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and Norwegian National Patient Registry, we investigated phenotypic associations between childhood LTCs, and depression and anxiety diagnoses in youth ( Results Having any childhood LTC phenotype was associated with elevated youth MDD (OR = 1.48 [95% CIs 1.19, 1.85], p = 4.2×10−4) and anxiety disorder risk (OR = 1.44 [1.20, 1.73], p = 7.9×10−5). Observational and MR analyses in MoBa were consistent with a causal relationship between migraine and depression (IVW OR = 1.38 [1.19, 1.60], pFDR = 1.8x10−4). MR analyses using iPSYCH2015 did not support a causal link between LTC genetic liabilities and youth-onset depression or in the reverse direction. Conclusions Childhood LTCs are associated with depression and anxiety in youth, however, little evidence of causation between LTCs genetic liability and youth depression/anxiety was identified from MR analyses, except for migraine.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
Language: English
ISSN: 1469-8978
0033-2917
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724003271
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39901647
Rights: CC BY
URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....eb259159a812e5ec2d77fa718e1553cf
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Background The prevalence of youth anxiety and depression has increased globally, with limited causal explanations. Long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) affect 20–40% of youth, with rates also rising. LTCs are associated with higher rates of youth depression and anxiety; however, it is uncertain whether observed associations are causal or explained by unmeasured confounding or reverse causation. Methods Using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and Norwegian National Patient Registry, we investigated phenotypic associations between childhood LTCs, and depression and anxiety diagnoses in youth ( Results Having any childhood LTC phenotype was associated with elevated youth MDD (OR = 1.48 [95% CIs 1.19, 1.85], p = 4.2×10−4) and anxiety disorder risk (OR = 1.44 [1.20, 1.73], p = 7.9×10−5). Observational and MR analyses in MoBa were consistent with a causal relationship between migraine and depression (IVW OR = 1.38 [1.19, 1.60], pFDR = 1.8x10−4). MR analyses using iPSYCH2015 did not support a causal link between LTC genetic liabilities and youth-onset depression or in the reverse direction. Conclusions Childhood LTCs are associated with depression and anxiety in youth, however, little evidence of causation between LTCs genetic liability and youth depression/anxiety was identified from MR analyses, except for migraine.
ISSN:14698978
00332917
DOI:10.1017/s0033291724003271