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Effects of aerobic physical exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke: systematic review

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Title: Effects of aerobic physical exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke: systematic review
Authors: Leandro Goursand Penna, João Pascoa Pinheiro, Sergio Henrique Rodolpho Ramalho, Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, Vol 79, Iss 9, Pp 832-843 (2021)
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria v.79 n.9 2021
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria
Academia Brasileira de Neurologia
instacron:ABNEURO
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, Volume: 79, Issue: 9, Pages: 832-843, Published: 18 OCT 2021
Publisher Information: FapUNIFESP (SciELO), 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Subject Terms: Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo, Neuronal Plasticity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade, Stroke Rehabilitation, Treino Aeróbico, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, High-Intensity Interval Training, Exercício Físico, Exercise Therapy, Stroke, Fator de Crescimento Neural, Endurance Training, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Plasticidade Neuronal, Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Nerve Growth Factor, Humans, Exercise, Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral, RC321-571
Description: Background: Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Interventions for stroke rehabilitation aim to minimize sequelae, promote individuals’ independence and potentially recover functional damage. The role of aerobic exercise as a facilitator of post-stroke neuroplasticity in humans is still questionable. Objective: To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in patients with stroke sequelae. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and crossover studies was performed, with searches for human studies in the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and PeDRO, only in English, following the PRISMA protocol. The keywords used for selecting articles were defined based on the PICO strategy. Results: This systematic review evaluated the impacts of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity through assessment of neural networks and neuronal excitability, neurotrophic factors, or cognitive and functional assessment. Studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke measured through functional resonance (fMRI) or cortical excitability have shown divergent results, but aerobic exercise potentially can modify the neural network, as measured through fMRI. Additionally, aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training improves certain cognitive domains linked to motor learning. Studies that involved analysis of neurotrophic factors to assess neuroplasticity had conflicting results. Conclusions: Physical exercise is a therapeutic intervention in rehabilitation programs that, beyond the known benefits relating to physical conditioning, functionality, mood and cardiovascular health, may also potentiate the neuroplasticity process. Neuroplasticity responses seem more robust in moderate to high-intensity exercise training programs, but dose-response heterogeneity and non-uniform neuroplasticity assessments limit generalizability.
Document Type: Article
File Description: text/html
ISSN: 1678-4227
0004-282X
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0551
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34669820
https://doaj.org/article/7e817b56182044b4996d77f79dfd1550
https://www.arquivosdeneuropsiquiatria.org/article/effects-of-aerobic-physical-exercise-on-neuroplasticity-after-stroke-systematic-review/
http://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/fbQRpvTN85NrKTGs9HQxW9k/
https://www.arquivosdeneuropsiquiatria.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1678-4227-anp-0004-282x-anp-2020-0551/1678-4227-anp-0004-282x-anp-2020-0551.pdf
https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/fbQRpvTN85NrKTGs9HQxW9k/
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2021000900832
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2021000900832&lng=en&tlng=en
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....e9e0f362b5526d0bc775a6de746a72a0
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Background: Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Interventions for stroke rehabilitation aim to minimize sequelae, promote individuals’ independence and potentially recover functional damage. The role of aerobic exercise as a facilitator of post-stroke neuroplasticity in humans is still questionable. Objective: To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in patients with stroke sequelae. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and crossover studies was performed, with searches for human studies in the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and PeDRO, only in English, following the PRISMA protocol. The keywords used for selecting articles were defined based on the PICO strategy. Results: This systematic review evaluated the impacts of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity through assessment of neural networks and neuronal excitability, neurotrophic factors, or cognitive and functional assessment. Studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke measured through functional resonance (fMRI) or cortical excitability have shown divergent results, but aerobic exercise potentially can modify the neural network, as measured through fMRI. Additionally, aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training improves certain cognitive domains linked to motor learning. Studies that involved analysis of neurotrophic factors to assess neuroplasticity had conflicting results. Conclusions: Physical exercise is a therapeutic intervention in rehabilitation programs that, beyond the known benefits relating to physical conditioning, functionality, mood and cardiovascular health, may also potentiate the neuroplasticity process. Neuroplasticity responses seem more robust in moderate to high-intensity exercise training programs, but dose-response heterogeneity and non-uniform neuroplasticity assessments limit generalizability.
ISSN:16784227
0004282X
DOI:10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0551