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Cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants: a randomized controlled trial testing methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine

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Název: Cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants: a randomized controlled trial testing methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine
Autoři: Leonore Bovy, Dimitris Repantis, Simone Kühn, Martin Dresler, Kathrin Ohla
Zdroj: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology 238, 441–451 (2021). doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w
Informace o vydavateli: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
Rok vydání: 2020
Témata: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pilot Projects, Modafinil, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Caffeine, Humans, Attention, Fatigue, Nootropic Agents, Original Investigation, Neuroenhancement, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Methylphenidate, Cognition/drug effects [MeSH], Double-Blind Method [MeSH], Attention/drug effects [MeSH], Adult [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Methylphenidate/pharmacology [MeSH], Treatment Outcome [MeSH], Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology [MeSH], Cognitive enhancement, Caffeine/pharmacology [MeSH], Fatigue/prevention, Male [MeSH], Pilot Projects [MeSH], Young Adult [MeSH], Modafinil/pharmacology [MeSH], Nootropic Agents/pharmacology [MeSH], Central Nervous System Stimulants, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Popis: RationalAt all times humans have made attempts to improve their cognitive abilities by different means, among others, with the use of stimulants. Widely available stimulants such as caffeine, but also prescription substances such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are being used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive performance.ObjectivesThere is a lack of knowledge on the effects of prescription stimulants when taken by healthy individuals (as compared with patients) and especially on the effects of different substances across different cognitive domains.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study with three arms in which male participants received placebo and one of three stimulants (caffeine, methylphenidate, modafinil) and assessed cognitive performance with a test battery that captures various cognitive domains.ResultsOur study showed some moderate effects of the three stimulants tested. Methylphenidate had positive effects on self-reported fatigue as well as on declarative memory 24 hours after learning; caffeine had a positive effect on sustained attention; there was no significant effect of modafinil in any of the instruments of our test battery. All stimulants were well tolerated, and no trade-off negative effects on other cognitive domains were found.ConclusionsThe few observed significant positive effects of the tested stimulants were domain-specific and of rather low magnitude. The results can inform the use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement purposes as well as direct further research to investigate the effects of stimulants on specific cognitive domains that seem most promising, possibly by using tasks that are more demanding.
Druh dokumentu: Article
Other literature type
Popis souboru: application/pdf
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 1432-2072
0033-3158
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w
DOI: 10.17169/refubium-36049
Přístupová URL adresa: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33201262
https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_3259828_4/component/file_3281242/Repantis2021_Article_CognitiveEnhancementEffectsOfS.pdf
https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=item_3259828
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33201262
https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33201262
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33201262/
http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-D8DF-B
http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-453B-A
https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888239
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6466884
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/36333
https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-36049
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w
Rights: CC BY
Přístupové číslo: edsair.doi.dedup.....e2bae610d8bfb9f5491c312d54510238
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:RationalAt all times humans have made attempts to improve their cognitive abilities by different means, among others, with the use of stimulants. Widely available stimulants such as caffeine, but also prescription substances such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are being used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive performance.ObjectivesThere is a lack of knowledge on the effects of prescription stimulants when taken by healthy individuals (as compared with patients) and especially on the effects of different substances across different cognitive domains.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study with three arms in which male participants received placebo and one of three stimulants (caffeine, methylphenidate, modafinil) and assessed cognitive performance with a test battery that captures various cognitive domains.ResultsOur study showed some moderate effects of the three stimulants tested. Methylphenidate had positive effects on self-reported fatigue as well as on declarative memory 24 hours after learning; caffeine had a positive effect on sustained attention; there was no significant effect of modafinil in any of the instruments of our test battery. All stimulants were well tolerated, and no trade-off negative effects on other cognitive domains were found.ConclusionsThe few observed significant positive effects of the tested stimulants were domain-specific and of rather low magnitude. The results can inform the use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement purposes as well as direct further research to investigate the effects of stimulants on specific cognitive domains that seem most promising, possibly by using tasks that are more demanding.
ISSN:14322072
00333158
DOI:10.1007/s00213-020-05691-w