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Heavy Metals and Essential Metals Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Title: Heavy Metals and Essential Metals Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mirjana Babić Leko, Matej Mihelčić, Jasna Jurasović, Matea Nikolac Perković, Ena Španić, Ankica Sekovanić, Tatjana Orct, Klara Zubčić, Lea Langer Horvat, Nikolina Pleić, Spomenka Kiđemet-Piskač, Željka Vogrinc, Nela Pivac, Andrea Diana, Fran Borovečki, Patrick R. Hof, Goran Šimić
Source: Int J Mol Sci
International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 24; Issue 1; Pages: 467
Publisher Information: MDPI AG, 2022.
Publication Year: 2022
Subject Terms: mercury, cadmium, cerebrospinal fluid, Article, Alzheimer Disease / cerebrospinal fluid, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer's disease, heavy metals, essential metals, biomarker, arsenic, iron, zinc, calcium, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Metals, Heavy, Humans, Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1, Metals, Heavy / metabolism, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Mercury, 3. Good health, Lead, Biomarkers / cerebrospinal fluid, Biomarkers, Cadmium
Description: Various metals have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), principally heavy metals that are environmental pollutants (such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and essential metals whose homeostasis is disturbed in AD (such as Cu, Fe, and Zn). Although there is evidence of the involvement of these metals in AD, further research is needed on their mechanisms of toxicity. To further assess the involvement of heavy and essential metals in AD pathogenesis, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers to macro- and microelements measured in CSF and plasma. We tested if macro- and microelements’ concentrations (heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo), essential non-metals (B, P, S, and Se), and other non-essential metals (Al, Ba, Li, and Sr)) are associated with CSF AD biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain (amyloid β1–42, total tau, phosphorylated tau isoforms, NFL, S100B, VILIP-1, YKL-40, PAPP-A, and albumin). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine macro- and microelements in CSF and plasma, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine protein biomarkers of AD in CSF. This study included 193 participants (124 with AD, 50 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 healthy controls). Simple correlation, as well as machine learning algorithms (redescription mining and principal component analysis (PCA)), demonstrated that levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40 in AD.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010467
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36613911
https://www.bib.irb.hr/1249190
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010467
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....d14f9b22d1a5fae89955c17115b4a43b
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Various metals have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), principally heavy metals that are environmental pollutants (such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and essential metals whose homeostasis is disturbed in AD (such as Cu, Fe, and Zn). Although there is evidence of the involvement of these metals in AD, further research is needed on their mechanisms of toxicity. To further assess the involvement of heavy and essential metals in AD pathogenesis, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers to macro- and microelements measured in CSF and plasma. We tested if macro- and microelements’ concentrations (heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo), essential non-metals (B, P, S, and Se), and other non-essential metals (Al, Ba, Li, and Sr)) are associated with CSF AD biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain (amyloid β1–42, total tau, phosphorylated tau isoforms, NFL, S100B, VILIP-1, YKL-40, PAPP-A, and albumin). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine macro- and microelements in CSF and plasma, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine protein biomarkers of AD in CSF. This study included 193 participants (124 with AD, 50 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 healthy controls). Simple correlation, as well as machine learning algorithms (redescription mining and principal component analysis (PCA)), demonstrated that levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40 in AD.
ISSN:14220067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24010467