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Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making

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Název: Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making
Autoři: Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Eisma, Y.B. (author), Vlakveld, Willem (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)
Zdroj: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 72-84 (2023)
Informace o vydavateli: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2022.
Rok vydání: 2022
Témata: Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280, OA-Fund TU Delft, Electronic computers. Computer science, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, QA75.5-76.95, 16. Peace & justice
Popis: Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked‐out) windows and external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake. The images depicted different combinations of traditional vehicles versus AVs, eHMI presence, vehicle approach direction, driver visibility/window‐blinding, visual complexity of the surroundings, and distance to the cyclist (urgency). The results showed that the eHMI and urgency level had a strong impact on crossing decisions, whereas visual complexity had no significant influence. Blinded windows caused participants to brake for the traditional vehicle. A second crowdsourcing experiment aimed to clarify the findings of Experiment 1 by also requiring participants to detect the vehicle features. It was found that the eHMI ‘GO’ and blinded windows yielded high detection rates and that driver eye contact caused participants to continue pedalling. To conclude, blinded windows increase the probability that cyclists brake, and driver eye contact stimulates cyclists to continue cycling. Our findings, which were obtained with large international samples, may help elucidate how AVs (in which the driver may not be visible) affect cyclists’ behaviour.
Druh dokumentu: Article
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 1751-9578
1751-956X
DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12235
Přístupová URL adresa: https://doaj.org/article/b0064b35d490481484abb2b2cddd248a
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:06ace88e-9513-4b4d-b84b-b7b944603af6
Rights: CC BY
Přístupové číslo: edsair.doi.dedup.....99e027818f588dc596ec0ffd93552160
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked‐out) windows and external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake. The images depicted different combinations of traditional vehicles versus AVs, eHMI presence, vehicle approach direction, driver visibility/window‐blinding, visual complexity of the surroundings, and distance to the cyclist (urgency). The results showed that the eHMI and urgency level had a strong impact on crossing decisions, whereas visual complexity had no significant influence. Blinded windows caused participants to brake for the traditional vehicle. A second crowdsourcing experiment aimed to clarify the findings of Experiment 1 by also requiring participants to detect the vehicle features. It was found that the eHMI ‘GO’ and blinded windows yielded high detection rates and that driver eye contact caused participants to continue pedalling. To conclude, blinded windows increase the probability that cyclists brake, and driver eye contact stimulates cyclists to continue cycling. Our findings, which were obtained with large international samples, may help elucidate how AVs (in which the driver may not be visible) affect cyclists’ behaviour.
ISSN:17519578
1751956X
DOI:10.1049/itr2.12235