AudioGap: An AirGapped Covert Channel Exploiting the Frequency Diversity of Audio IC Electromagnetic Leakage
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| Názov: | AudioGap: An AirGapped Covert Channel Exploiting the Frequency Diversity of Audio IC Electromagnetic Leakage |
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| Autori: | Bahi, Mohamed, Méndez Real, Maria, Nogues, Erwan, Pelcat, Maxime |
| Prispievatelia: | BAHI, Mohamed Alla Eddine |
| Zdroj: | 2025 IEEE 49th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). :989-994 |
| Informácie o vydavateľovi: | IEEE, 2025. |
| Rok vydania: | 2025 |
| Predmety: | CFDM, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Signal Processing, Electromagnetic Attack, Hardware Security, Airgapped Systems, Side-Channel Attack, Covert-Channel Attack, [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [INFO.INFO-ES] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems |
| Popis: | This paper presents AudioGap, a novel Electromagnetic (EM) covert channel that exfiltrates data from airgapped systems by exploiting System Signals Auto Modulation (SSAM), a passive modulation phenomenon inherent in digital circuitry. Unlike conventional EM attacks that require fine control over hardware, AudioGap passively leverages SSAM interactions between a Local Oscillator (Lo) and nearby digital circuit to exfiltrate data. We demonstrate a covert channel based on Comb Frequency Division Multiplexing (CFDM) that achieves 2-bit-per-symbolperiod transmission, effectively doubling the throughput of traditional On-Off Keying (OOK) and Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (B-ASK). Furthermore, we develop a harmonic-based frequency detection technique that reduces the search space by a factor of 30 compared to brute-force methods, significantly improving receiver frequency search. Experimental validation using a Realtek ALC3220 audio chip and Software Defined Radio (SDR) demonstrates data transmission up to 28 cm, with up to 25.8% lower Bit Error Rate (BER) compared to state-of-the-art modulation. |
| Druh dokumentu: | Article Conference object |
| Popis súboru: | application/pdf |
| DOI: | 10.1109/compsac65507.2025.00128 |
| Prístupová URL adresa: | https://hal.science/hal-05073938v1 https://hal.science/hal-05073938v1/document https://doi.org/10.1109/compsac65507.2025.00128 |
| Rights: | STM Policy #29 |
| Prístupové číslo: | edsair.doi.dedup.....97cee0ab7acf106e7da1989cae7b9eb2 |
| Databáza: | OpenAIRE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | This paper presents AudioGap, a novel Electromagnetic (EM) covert channel that exfiltrates data from airgapped systems by exploiting System Signals Auto Modulation (SSAM), a passive modulation phenomenon inherent in digital circuitry. Unlike conventional EM attacks that require fine control over hardware, AudioGap passively leverages SSAM interactions between a Local Oscillator (Lo) and nearby digital circuit to exfiltrate data. We demonstrate a covert channel based on Comb Frequency Division Multiplexing (CFDM) that achieves 2-bit-per-symbolperiod transmission, effectively doubling the throughput of traditional On-Off Keying (OOK) and Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (B-ASK). Furthermore, we develop a harmonic-based frequency detection technique that reduces the search space by a factor of 30 compared to brute-force methods, significantly improving receiver frequency search. Experimental validation using a Realtek ALC3220 audio chip and Software Defined Radio (SDR) demonstrates data transmission up to 28 cm, with up to 25.8% lower Bit Error Rate (BER) compared to state-of-the-art modulation. |
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| DOI: | 10.1109/compsac65507.2025.00128 |