Astrocytes in the adult dentate gyrus—balance between adult and developmental tasks
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| Název: | Astrocytes in the adult dentate gyrus—balance between adult and developmental tasks |
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| Autoři: | Nicholas Chalmers, Evangelia Masouti, Ruth Beckervordersandforth |
| Zdroj: | Mol Psychiatry |
| Informace o vydavateli: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024. |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Témata: | Neurons, Adult, 0301 basic medicine, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, Astrocytes, Neurogenesis, Dentate Gyrus, Humans, Animals, Expert Review, 14/19, 13/1, Adult [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Neurons/metabolism [MeSH], Astrocytes/metabolism [MeSH], Neuronal Plasticity/physiology [MeSH], 38/91, Animals [MeSH], Dentate Gyrus/physiology [MeSH], Neurogenesis/physiology [MeSH], 64/60, 96/31, expert-review, 13/51, 631/80, 13/100, Neurons/physiology [MeSH], Astrocytes/physiology [MeSH], 631/378, 14/32 |
| Popis: | Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, are indispensable for the integration, maintenance and survival of neurons during development and adulthood. Both life phases make specific demands on the molecular and physiological properties of astrocytes, and most research projects traditionally focus on either developmental or adult astrocyte functions. In most brain regions, the generation of brain cells and the establishment of neural circuits ends with postnatal development. However, few neurogenic niches exist in the adult brain in which new neurons and glial cells are produced lifelong, and the integration of new cells into functional circuits represent a very special form of plasticity. Consequently, in the neurogenic niche, the astrocytes must be equipped to execute both mature and developmental tasks in order to integrate newborn neurons into the circuit and yet maintain overall homeostasis without affecting the preexisting neurons. In this review, we focus on astrocytes of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and discuss specific features of the astrocytic compartment that may allow the execution of both tasks. Firstly, astrocytes of the adult DG are molecularly, morphologically and functionally diverse, and the distinct astrocytes subtypes are characterized by their localization to DG layers. This spatial separation may lead to a functional specification of astrocytes subtypes according to the neuronal structures they are embedded in, hence a division of labor. Secondly, the astrocytic compartment is not static, but steadily increasing in numbers due to lifelong astrogenesis. Interestingly, astrogenesis can adapt to environmental and behavioral stimuli, revealing an unexpected astrocyte dynamic that allows the niche to adopt to changing demands. The diversity and dynamic of astrocytes in the adult DG implicate a vital contribution to hippocampal plasticity and represent an interesting model to uncover mechanisms how astrocytes simultaneously fulfill developmental and adult tasks. |
| Druh dokumentu: | Article Other literature type |
| Jazyk: | English |
| ISSN: | 1476-5578 1359-4184 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41380-023-02386-4 |
| Přístupová URL adresa: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38177351 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6521085 |
| Rights: | CC BY |
| Přístupové číslo: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9632319987209b4341dba06c8d845777 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, are indispensable for the integration, maintenance and survival of neurons during development and adulthood. Both life phases make specific demands on the molecular and physiological properties of astrocytes, and most research projects traditionally focus on either developmental or adult astrocyte functions. In most brain regions, the generation of brain cells and the establishment of neural circuits ends with postnatal development. However, few neurogenic niches exist in the adult brain in which new neurons and glial cells are produced lifelong, and the integration of new cells into functional circuits represent a very special form of plasticity. Consequently, in the neurogenic niche, the astrocytes must be equipped to execute both mature and developmental tasks in order to integrate newborn neurons into the circuit and yet maintain overall homeostasis without affecting the preexisting neurons. In this review, we focus on astrocytes of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and discuss specific features of the astrocytic compartment that may allow the execution of both tasks. Firstly, astrocytes of the adult DG are molecularly, morphologically and functionally diverse, and the distinct astrocytes subtypes are characterized by their localization to DG layers. This spatial separation may lead to a functional specification of astrocytes subtypes according to the neuronal structures they are embedded in, hence a division of labor. Secondly, the astrocytic compartment is not static, but steadily increasing in numbers due to lifelong astrogenesis. Interestingly, astrogenesis can adapt to environmental and behavioral stimuli, revealing an unexpected astrocyte dynamic that allows the niche to adopt to changing demands. The diversity and dynamic of astrocytes in the adult DG implicate a vital contribution to hippocampal plasticity and represent an interesting model to uncover mechanisms how astrocytes simultaneously fulfill developmental and adult tasks. |
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| ISSN: | 14765578 13594184 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41380-023-02386-4 |