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The effects of iron injection on blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots

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Title: The effects of iron injection on blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots
Authors: Francesco Loria, Estelle Maret, Céline Schobinger, Tiia Kuuranne, Silke Grabherr, Nicolas Leuenberger
Source: Drug testing and analysis, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 444-448
Publisher Information: Wiley, 2022.
Publication Year: 2022
Subject Terms: Doping in Sports, Hemoglobins, 03 medical and health sciences, Reticulocytes, 0302 clinical medicine, Iron, Ferritins, Humans, Doping in Sports/methods, Reticulocytes/metabolism, Biomarkers, Hemoglobins/analysis, 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase, RNA-based biomarkers, blood doping, dried blood spots, iron supplementation, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Description: Iron supplementation is not considered as a doping method; however, it can affect the levels of several biomarkers of the hematologic module of the athlete biological passport (ABP), such as the reticulocyte percentage (%RET) and hemoglobin (HGB) level. Thus, iron injection could be a confounding factor in antidoping analyses. Previous studies have suggested that the HGB level and the expression levels of reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs, such as 5′‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), could be promising biomarkers for the ABP and detectable in dried blood spots (DBSs). Therefore, in this study, we examined the impact of iron injection on the levels of these potential biomarkers in DBSs. Reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs analyses were performed by RT‐qPCR. Ferritin level in DBS was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Notably, there were no significant effects of iron supplementation on the levels of ALAS2 and CA1 mRNAs but by contrast, the %RET and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) measured in whole blood increased significantly following iron injection. As expected, iron supplementation increased the ferritin level significantly in both serum and DBS samples. In conclusion, these findings reinforce the specificity of reticulocyte‐related mRNAs in DBSs as biomarkers of blood doping to target in antidoping analyses.
Document Type: Article
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1942-7611
1942-7603
DOI: 10.1002/dta.3407
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354188
https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11CBF09FF26F
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_11CBF09FF26F.P001/REF.pdf
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_11CBF09FF26F2
Rights: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....9620af5dac373db093d05f04e02bb9a4
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Iron supplementation is not considered as a doping method; however, it can affect the levels of several biomarkers of the hematologic module of the athlete biological passport (ABP), such as the reticulocyte percentage (%RET) and hemoglobin (HGB) level. Thus, iron injection could be a confounding factor in antidoping analyses. Previous studies have suggested that the HGB level and the expression levels of reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs, such as 5′‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), could be promising biomarkers for the ABP and detectable in dried blood spots (DBSs). Therefore, in this study, we examined the impact of iron injection on the levels of these potential biomarkers in DBSs. Reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs analyses were performed by RT‐qPCR. Ferritin level in DBS was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Notably, there were no significant effects of iron supplementation on the levels of ALAS2 and CA1 mRNAs but by contrast, the %RET and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) measured in whole blood increased significantly following iron injection. As expected, iron supplementation increased the ferritin level significantly in both serum and DBS samples. In conclusion, these findings reinforce the specificity of reticulocyte‐related mRNAs in DBSs as biomarkers of blood doping to target in antidoping analyses.
ISSN:19427611
19427603
DOI:10.1002/dta.3407