Recursive music elucidates neural mechanisms supporting the generation and detection of melodic hierarchies
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| Title: | Recursive music elucidates neural mechanisms supporting the generation and detection of melodic hierarchies |
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| Authors: | W. Tecumseh Fitch, Roland Beisteiner, Bruno Gingras, Mauricio Martins, Roberta Bianco, Estela Puig-Waldmueller, Arno Villringer, Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister |
| Source: | Brain Struct Funct Brain Structure & Function |
| Publisher Information: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020. |
| Publication Year: | 2020 |
| Subject Terms: | Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cognition/physiology [MeSH], Music [MeSH], Female [MeSH], Brain/diagnostic imaging [MeSH], Adult [MeSH], Hippocampus, IFG, Humans [MeSH], Brain/physiology [MeSH], Music, Original Article, Hierarchy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MeSH], Male [MeSH], Auditory Perception/physiology [MeSH], Young Adult [MeSH], Brain Mapping [MeSH], Recursion, STG, Brain Mapping, Brain, 106051 Behavioural biology, 106051 Verhaltensbiologie, 16. Peace & justice, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Auditory Perception, Humans, Female |
| Description: | The ability to generate complex hierarchical structures is a crucial component of human cognition which can be expressed in the musical domain in the form of hierarchical melodic relations. The neural underpinnings of this ability have been investigated by comparing the perception of well-formed melodies with unexpected sequences of tones. However, these contrasts do not target specifically the representation of rules generating hierarchical structure. Here, we present a novel paradigm in which identical melodic sequences are generated in four steps, according to three different rules: The Recursive rule, generating new hierarchical levels at each step; The Iterative rule, adding tones within a fixed hierarchical level without generating new levels; and a control rule that simply repeats the third step. Using fMRI, we compared brain activity across these rules when participants are imagining the fourth step after listening to the third (generation phase), and when participants listened to a fourth step (test sound phase), either well-formed or a violation. We found that, in comparison with Repetition and Iteration, imagining the fourth step using the Recursive rule activated the superior temporal gyrus (STG). During the test sound phase, we found fronto-temporo-parietal activity and hippocampal de-activation when processing violations, but no differences between rules. STG activation during the generation phase suggests that generating new hierarchical levels from previous steps might rely on retrieving appropriate melodic hierarchy schemas. Previous findings highlighting the role of hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus may reflect processing of unexpected melodic sequences, rather than hierarchy generation per se. |
| Document Type: | Article Other literature type |
| File Description: | application/pdf |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 1863-2661 1863-2653 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7 |
| Access URL: | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32591927 https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/047969b6-d8e4-458e-ba6e-d4ba414d4cb9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591927 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7 https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_3331580_1/component/file_3331581/Martins_2021.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32591927/ https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=item_3331580 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-E495-E http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-E493-0 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6467370 https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10105193/ |
| Rights: | CC BY |
| Accession Number: | edsair.doi.dedup.....8d6484b14c401d43c3f6ea595b5d4b4c |
| Database: | OpenAIRE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | The ability to generate complex hierarchical structures is a crucial component of human cognition which can be expressed in the musical domain in the form of hierarchical melodic relations. The neural underpinnings of this ability have been investigated by comparing the perception of well-formed melodies with unexpected sequences of tones. However, these contrasts do not target specifically the representation of rules generating hierarchical structure. Here, we present a novel paradigm in which identical melodic sequences are generated in four steps, according to three different rules: The Recursive rule, generating new hierarchical levels at each step; The Iterative rule, adding tones within a fixed hierarchical level without generating new levels; and a control rule that simply repeats the third step. Using fMRI, we compared brain activity across these rules when participants are imagining the fourth step after listening to the third (generation phase), and when participants listened to a fourth step (test sound phase), either well-formed or a violation. We found that, in comparison with Repetition and Iteration, imagining the fourth step using the Recursive rule activated the superior temporal gyrus (STG). During the test sound phase, we found fronto-temporo-parietal activity and hippocampal de-activation when processing violations, but no differences between rules. STG activation during the generation phase suggests that generating new hierarchical levels from previous steps might rely on retrieving appropriate melodic hierarchy schemas. Previous findings highlighting the role of hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus may reflect processing of unexpected melodic sequences, rather than hierarchy generation per se. |
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| ISSN: | 18632661 18632653 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00429-020-02105-7 |