Dietary patterns in Tanzania’s transitioning rural and urban areas
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| Title: | Dietary patterns in Tanzania’s transitioning rural and urban areas |
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| Authors: | Paulo, Linda Simon, Lenters, Virissa C., Chillo, Pilly, Wanjohi, Milka, Piedade, Gonçalo J., Mende, Daniel R., Harris, Vanessa, Kamuhabwa, Appolinary, Kwesigabo, Gideon, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Klipstein-Grobusch, K. |
| Contributors: | Global Health team 1, Onderzoek Precision medicine, Global Health, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovascular Health |
| Source: | J Health Popul Nutr Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Vol 44, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2025) |
| Publisher Information: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025. |
| Publication Year: | 2025 |
| Subject Terms: | Male, Adult, Rural Population, RC620-627, Urban Population, Urban Population/statistics & numerical data, Dietary pattern, Tanzania, Diet Surveys, Urban, Humans, Rural, Rural Population/statistics & numerical data, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Aged, Diet/statistics & numerical data, Sub-Saharan Africa, Dietary Patterns, Research, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, Diet, Energy intake, Female, Macronutrients, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Energy Intake |
| Description: | Like other Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, Tanzania is undergoing socio-economic changes that impact lifestyles and dietary choices. Traditionally, differences in dietary habits between rural and urban areas in Tanzania and other SSA countries were prominent. However, recent research indicates converging lifestyles and dietary choices associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The objective of the current study was hence to investigate differences and similarities in dietary patterns, energy, and food groups intake in urban and rural Tanzania.Dietary habits were assessed by use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for 442 respondents aged 44-65 years in urban (Ubungo -Dar es Salaam) and rural (Kilindi- Tanga) districts of Tanzania. Dietary patterns were determined using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Bivariate analyses identified determinants of dietary patterns in urban and rural Tanzania.Two dietary patterns, a "mixed pattern" characterized by whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, meat, fried potatoes and tubers, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), sugar and sweets, and added oils and a "plant-rich pattern" characterized by whole grains, fruits, pulses and peas, seasoning vegetables and salads, SSB, sugar and sweets, and added oils were identified. Urban residents contributed more to the mixed pattern, while rural residents had a higher contribution to the plant-rich pattern. Overall, dietary diversity was greater in urban than rural Tanzania. The estimated median daily energy intake was 2,902 kcal (IQR: 1449.2) with a lower energy intake in rural (2,817 kcal, IQR: 1,274) as compared to urban residents (3,052 kcal, IQR: 1558) (p = 0.021). The percent contribution to the median average daily energy intake for grains, fruits, and milk was higher in rural than urban participants. No differences were observed for meat, poultry and eggs.We identified two distinct dietary patterns: a "mixed pattern" prominent in urban and a "plant-rich pattern" more common in rural. Urban diets were more diverse with slightly higher energy intake. These findings underscore the effects of urbanization on diets and the need for targeted nutritional intervention for both rural and urban populations. |
| Document Type: | Article Other literature type |
| File Description: | application/pdf |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2072-1315 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s41043-025-00774-w |
| Access URL: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40057768 https://doaj.org/article/5913b070c45d4cefa94a8dad2e1546c8 https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/7643f338-0644-4941-b117-f8da4f237988 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00774-w https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/7643f338-0644-4941-b117-f8da4f237988 https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/460777 https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/41db0bb8-f0b9-4281-a40b-ed63c904abcb https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00774-w |
| Rights: | CC BY NC ND |
| Accession Number: | edsair.doi.dedup.....7fea731b03689477e4d2e247a6a7b8ef |
| Database: | OpenAIRE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Like other Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, Tanzania is undergoing socio-economic changes that impact lifestyles and dietary choices. Traditionally, differences in dietary habits between rural and urban areas in Tanzania and other SSA countries were prominent. However, recent research indicates converging lifestyles and dietary choices associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The objective of the current study was hence to investigate differences and similarities in dietary patterns, energy, and food groups intake in urban and rural Tanzania.Dietary habits were assessed by use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for 442 respondents aged 44-65 years in urban (Ubungo -Dar es Salaam) and rural (Kilindi- Tanga) districts of Tanzania. Dietary patterns were determined using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Bivariate analyses identified determinants of dietary patterns in urban and rural Tanzania.Two dietary patterns, a "mixed pattern" characterized by whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, meat, fried potatoes and tubers, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), sugar and sweets, and added oils and a "plant-rich pattern" characterized by whole grains, fruits, pulses and peas, seasoning vegetables and salads, SSB, sugar and sweets, and added oils were identified. Urban residents contributed more to the mixed pattern, while rural residents had a higher contribution to the plant-rich pattern. Overall, dietary diversity was greater in urban than rural Tanzania. The estimated median daily energy intake was 2,902 kcal (IQR: 1449.2) with a lower energy intake in rural (2,817 kcal, IQR: 1,274) as compared to urban residents (3,052 kcal, IQR: 1558) (p = 0.021). The percent contribution to the median average daily energy intake for grains, fruits, and milk was higher in rural than urban participants. No differences were observed for meat, poultry and eggs.We identified two distinct dietary patterns: a "mixed pattern" prominent in urban and a "plant-rich pattern" more common in rural. Urban diets were more diverse with slightly higher energy intake. These findings underscore the effects of urbanization on diets and the need for targeted nutritional intervention for both rural and urban populations. |
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| ISSN: | 20721315 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s41043-025-00774-w |