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Divergent drivers of the spatial variation in greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal in Germany

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Názov: Divergent drivers of the spatial variation in greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal in Germany
Autori: Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Hannes Klaus Imhof, Ralf Kiese
Zdroj: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31, 32183–32199
Informácie o vydavateľovi: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
Rok vydania: 2024
Predmety: 0301 basic medicine, Air Pollutants, Rivers/chemistry [MeSH], Denitrification, Greenhouse Gases/analysis [MeSH], External inputs, Metabolism rates, Ecosystem [MeSH], Environmental Monitoring [MeSH], Harbors, N fixation, Germany [MeSH], Carbon Dioxide/analysis [MeSH], Methane/analysis [MeSH], Air Pollutants/analysis [MeSH], N, Nitrous Oxide/analysis [MeSH], Research Article, ddc:550, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Earth sciences, Greenhouse Gases, 03 medical and health sciences, Rivers, 13. Climate action, Germany, Methane, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Popis: Lotic ecosystems are sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities associated with point source pollution from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified summer concentrations and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (N2), as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations and fluxes along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal GHG heterogeneities. The results indicated that the two ecosystems were sources of GHG fluxes to the atmosphere, with the Mittelland Canal being a hotspot for CH4 and N2O fluxes. We also found significant longitudinal GHG flux discontinuities along the mainstems of both ecosystems, which were mainly driven by divergent drivers. Along the Mittelland Canal, peak CO2 and CH4 fluxes coincided with point pollution sources such as a joining river tributary or the presence of harbors, while harbors and in-situ biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis and respiration mainly explained CH4 and CO2 hotspots along the Rhine River. In contrast to CO2 and CH4 fluxes, N2O longitudinal trends along the two lotic ecosystems were better predicted by in-situ parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentrations and N2 fluxes. Based on a positive relationship with N2 fluxes, we hypothesized that in-situ denitrification was driving N2O hotspots in the Canal, while a negative relationship with N2 in the Rhine River suggested that coupled biological N2 fixation and nitrification accounted for N2O hotspots. These findings stress the need to include N2 flux estimates in GHG studies, as it can potentially improve our understanding of whether nitrogen is fixed through N2 fixation or lost through denitrification.
Druh dokumentu: Article
Other literature type
Popis súboru: application/pdf
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 1614-7499
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33394-8
DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000170618
Prístupová URL adresa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38649602
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6507886
Rights: CC BY
Prístupové číslo: edsair.doi.dedup.....5f8a79d833eede304491816c286fcbb1
Databáza: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:Lotic ecosystems are sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities associated with point source pollution from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified summer concentrations and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (N2), as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations and fluxes along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal GHG heterogeneities. The results indicated that the two ecosystems were sources of GHG fluxes to the atmosphere, with the Mittelland Canal being a hotspot for CH4 and N2O fluxes. We also found significant longitudinal GHG flux discontinuities along the mainstems of both ecosystems, which were mainly driven by divergent drivers. Along the Mittelland Canal, peak CO2 and CH4 fluxes coincided with point pollution sources such as a joining river tributary or the presence of harbors, while harbors and in-situ biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis and respiration mainly explained CH4 and CO2 hotspots along the Rhine River. In contrast to CO2 and CH4 fluxes, N2O longitudinal trends along the two lotic ecosystems were better predicted by in-situ parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentrations and N2 fluxes. Based on a positive relationship with N2 fluxes, we hypothesized that in-situ denitrification was driving N2O hotspots in the Canal, while a negative relationship with N2 in the Rhine River suggested that coupled biological N2 fixation and nitrification accounted for N2O hotspots. These findings stress the need to include N2 flux estimates in GHG studies, as it can potentially improve our understanding of whether nitrogen is fixed through N2 fixation or lost through denitrification.
ISSN:16147499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-33394-8