UE Context Dissemination in Sparse LEO Constellations for 5G/6G Cellular IoT in Store and Forward Operation
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| Název: | UE Context Dissemination in Sparse LEO Constellations for 5G/6G Cellular IoT in Store and Forward Operation |
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| Autoři: | Kellermann, Timo Nicolas, Pueyo Centelles, Roger, Calveras Augé, Anna M. |
| Zdroj: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 2539-2555 (2025) |
| Informace o vydavateli: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025. |
| Rok vydání: | 2025 |
| Témata: | context dissemination, Context dissemination, LEO, TK5101-6720, regenerative payloads, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors, Regenerative payloads, NB-IoT, Telecommunication, NTN, Store & forward, Transportation and communications, HE1-9990, 6G |
| Popis: | The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) highlights the need for ubiquitous connectivity, especially in remote and underserved areas. As a cornerstone of current 5th Generation (5G) cellular IoT networks, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) supports diverse massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) applications. With mMTC expected to remain integral to future 6th Generation (6G) standards, satellite-based Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), particularly Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, offer a practical solution for addressing connectivity gaps in delay-tolerant IoT scenarios. This paper investigates the architecture and operational dynamics of sparse multi-satellite LEO constellations that employ store and forward mechanisms, which become essential when continuous end-to-end connectivity is unfeasible. Effective User Equipment (UE) context dissemination among satellites is a key requirement in such constellations to maintain sufficient service levels. We present an enhanced architecture that contains the mechanisms for UE context dissemination and investigate key performance metrics, such as revisit times and end-to-end delays for data transmission. Our findings indicate that multi-satellite configurations are crucial in providing sufficient service levels to UEs, particularly in sparse constellations. Moreover, we demonstrate that, depending on the revisit time requirements, dissemination among a subset of satellites is sufficient, albeit with an increase in end-to-end delays for data transmissions. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation and the European Union– NextGeneration EU, in the framework of the Recovery Plan, Transformation and Resilience (PRTR) (Call UNICO I+D 5G 2021) under Grant TSI-063000-2021-1-6GSatNet-GS; in part by the European Union’s Horizon Europe (ETHER) under Grant 101096526; in part by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through project under Grant PID2023-146378NB-I00; and in part by the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant 2021 SGR 00330. |
| Druh dokumentu: | Article |
| Popis souboru: | application/pdf |
| ISSN: | 2644-125X |
| DOI: | 10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3556318 |
| Přístupová URL adresa: | https://doaj.org/article/af9382a0f0f346cebcf903e4e7a13bd1 https://hdl.handle.net/2117/428876 https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3556318 |
| Rights: | CC BY |
| Přístupové číslo: | edsair.doi.dedup.....420d7a7046311c163e87c78cf6d98bac |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) highlights the need for ubiquitous connectivity, especially in remote and underserved areas. As a cornerstone of current 5th Generation (5G) cellular IoT networks, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) supports diverse massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) applications. With mMTC expected to remain integral to future 6th Generation (6G) standards, satellite-based Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), particularly Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, offer a practical solution for addressing connectivity gaps in delay-tolerant IoT scenarios. This paper investigates the architecture and operational dynamics of sparse multi-satellite LEO constellations that employ store and forward mechanisms, which become essential when continuous end-to-end connectivity is unfeasible. Effective User Equipment (UE) context dissemination among satellites is a key requirement in such constellations to maintain sufficient service levels. We present an enhanced architecture that contains the mechanisms for UE context dissemination and investigate key performance metrics, such as revisit times and end-to-end delays for data transmission. Our findings indicate that multi-satellite configurations are crucial in providing sufficient service levels to UEs, particularly in sparse constellations. Moreover, we demonstrate that, depending on the revisit time requirements, dissemination among a subset of satellites is sufficient, albeit with an increase in end-to-end delays for data transmissions.<br />This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation and the European Union– NextGeneration EU, in the framework of the Recovery Plan, Transformation and Resilience (PRTR) (Call UNICO I+D 5G 2021) under Grant TSI-063000-2021-1-6GSatNet-GS; in part by the European Union’s Horizon Europe (ETHER) under Grant 101096526; in part by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through project under Grant PID2023-146378NB-I00; and in part by the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant 2021 SGR 00330. |
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| ISSN: | 2644125X |
| DOI: | 10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3556318 |