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Associations between protein intake status and the association of 'double burden of malnutrition' in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China

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Title: Associations between protein intake status and the association of 'double burden of malnutrition' in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China
Authors: Tongying Zhu, Li Zhang, Rongrong Li, Xiaoqing Li, Hao Zhu, Li Shu
Source: Front Nutr
Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 12 (2025)
Publisher Information: Frontiers Media SA, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Subject Terms: double burden of malnutrition, preschool children, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, wasting, stunting, TX341-641, obesity/overweight, Nutrition
Description: BackgroundProtein intake is widely recognized as a reliable marker for assessing malnutrition. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases in individuals, families, and populations throughout the life course.MethodsChildren were categorized into quartiles based on the protein index. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software was used to assess child growth and development, enabling the prediction of DBM prevalence. Nutrient intake, the effect on DBM were assessed using both a multifactorial logistic regression model and a binary logistic regression correction model.ResultsThe prevalence of DBM increased with higher protein index quartiles. In the regression model, the risk of DBM was significantly higher in the second (Q2) and fourth (Q4) quartiles for both boys (Q2: 1.934, 95% CI: 1.210–3.091; Q4: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.016–2.687) as well as in the girls (Q2: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.263–3.052; Q4: 1.366, 95% CI: 0.857–2.178). In the multivariate models, the association between the protein index and DBM risk persisted as significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionThis study revealed a strong correlation between the protein index and DBM prevalence in preschool children aged 2–5 years.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
ISSN: 2296-861X
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1564733
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/7afde4fd2da7403e8fdf8e44ffc0d9af
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....3f7f76420ff9b56bac70e93da255dfd7
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:BackgroundProtein intake is widely recognized as a reliable marker for assessing malnutrition. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases in individuals, families, and populations throughout the life course.MethodsChildren were categorized into quartiles based on the protein index. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software was used to assess child growth and development, enabling the prediction of DBM prevalence. Nutrient intake, the effect on DBM were assessed using both a multifactorial logistic regression model and a binary logistic regression correction model.ResultsThe prevalence of DBM increased with higher protein index quartiles. In the regression model, the risk of DBM was significantly higher in the second (Q2) and fourth (Q4) quartiles for both boys (Q2: 1.934, 95% CI: 1.210–3.091; Q4: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.016–2.687) as well as in the girls (Q2: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.263–3.052; Q4: 1.366, 95% CI: 0.857–2.178). In the multivariate models, the association between the protein index and DBM risk persisted as significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionThis study revealed a strong correlation between the protein index and DBM prevalence in preschool children aged 2–5 years.
ISSN:2296861X
DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1564733