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Are socio-economic inequalities related to cardiovascular disease risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

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Title: Are socio-economic inequalities related to cardiovascular disease risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Baruwa, Ololade J., Alberti, Federica, Onagbiye, Sunday, Guddemi, Annalisa, Odone, Anna, Ricci, Hannah, Gaeta, Maddalena, Daniela, Schmid, Ricci, Cristian
Source: BMC Cardiovasc Disord
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)
Publisher Information: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Subject Terms: Male, Adult, Social Determinants of Health, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, Aged [MeSH], Risk Assessment [MeSH], Cardiovascular disease, Educational Status [MeSH], Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis [MeSH], Meta-analysis, Risk Factors [MeSH], Socioeconomic Factors [MeSH], Heart Disease Risk Factors [MeSH], Male [MeSH], Social Determinants of Health [MeSH], Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality [MeSH], Sex Factors [MeSH], Income [MeSH], Social Class [MeSH], Cardiovascular Diseases/economics [MeSH], Systematic Review, Female [MeSH], Adult [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Prospective Studies [MeSH], Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology [MeSH], Incidence [MeSH], Middle Aged [MeSH], Health Status Disparities [MeSH], Prognosis [MeSH], Socio-economic inequality, Incidence, Health Status Disparities, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Socioeconomic Factors, Social Class, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, RC666-701, Income, Educational Status, Female
Description: Purpose The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic inequalities and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. Methods A systematic review of recently published cohort studies and a meta-analysis of relative risk (RR) of low compared with high socio-economic status (SES) in relation to cardiovascular incidence and mortality was conducted. Supplementary evaluations were conducted considering different proxies of SES in relation to different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results We identified 17 studies including approximately 26.5 million of participants with more than 900,000 CVD events. We estimated a 50% increased CVD risk for low SES with respect to high SES (RR = 1.49 [95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.78]). For sex-specific risk, we estimated a 79% increased CVD risk for women of low SES (RR = 1.79 [1.30, 2.46]). In men, the same investigation found a 45% increased CVD risk (RR = 1.45 [1.09, 1.92]). We reported that low education (RR = 1.56 [1.27, 1.91]), increased CVD risk the most, more than low income (RR = 1.38 [1.12, 1.70]). Conclusion Although not statistically significant, women of low SES were at higher CVD risk than men. CVD risk was more relevant to educational inequality than economic inequality.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
Language: English
ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04248-5
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39604897
https://doaj.org/article/4827e8f8c5964e7b83dbe0b55d38b44e
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6500606
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....230f21dfa26ff47a90a3f7e1e05e425a
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Purpose The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic inequalities and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. Methods A systematic review of recently published cohort studies and a meta-analysis of relative risk (RR) of low compared with high socio-economic status (SES) in relation to cardiovascular incidence and mortality was conducted. Supplementary evaluations were conducted considering different proxies of SES in relation to different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results We identified 17 studies including approximately 26.5 million of participants with more than 900,000 CVD events. We estimated a 50% increased CVD risk for low SES with respect to high SES (RR = 1.49 [95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.78]). For sex-specific risk, we estimated a 79% increased CVD risk for women of low SES (RR = 1.79 [1.30, 2.46]). In men, the same investigation found a 45% increased CVD risk (RR = 1.45 [1.09, 1.92]). We reported that low education (RR = 1.56 [1.27, 1.91]), increased CVD risk the most, more than low income (RR = 1.38 [1.12, 1.70]). Conclusion Although not statistically significant, women of low SES were at higher CVD risk than men. CVD risk was more relevant to educational inequality than economic inequality.
ISSN:14712261
DOI:10.1186/s12872-024-04248-5