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Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salzberger, Bernd, Buder, Felix, Lampl, Benedikt, Ehrenstein, Boris, Hitzenbichler, Florian, Holzmann, Thomas, Schmidt, Barbara, Hanses, Frank
Source: Infection
Publisher Information: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
Publication Year: 2020
Subject Terms: Microbiology (medical), SARS-CoV-2 · COVID-19 · Pandemic · Epidemiology · Basic reproduction number · Incubation period · Mortality · Infection fatality risk, 0301 basic medicine, ddc:610, Cross Infection, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity [MeSH], Mortality [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Incidence [MeSH], Risk Factors [MeSH], COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2, Age Distribution [MeSH], COVID-19/pathology [MeSH], Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Incubation Period [MeSH], Basic reproduction number, Mortality, COVID-19/prevention, Infection fatality risk, Pandemic, Basic Reproduction Number [MeSH], Review, COVID-19/transmission [MeSH], Cross Infection/epidemiology [MeSH], COVID-19/epidemiology [MeSH], Incubation period, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence, Basic Reproduction Number, 610 Medizin, General Medicine, Infectious Disease Incubation Period, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Humans
Description: Purpose SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged ß-coronavirus. Here we present the current knowledge on its epidemiologic features. Methods Non-systematic review. Results SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract. It is mainly transmitted by droplets and aerosols from asymptomatic and symptomatic infected subjects. The consensus estimate for the basis reproduction number (R0) is between 2 and 3, and the median incubation period is 5.7 (range 2–14) days. Similar to SARS and MERS, superspreading events have been reported, the dispersion parameter (kappa) is estimated at 0.1. Most infections are uncomplicated, and 5–10% of patients are hospitalized, mainly due to pneumonia with severe inflammation. Complications are respiratory and multiorgan failure; risk factors for complicated disease are higher age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic cardiovascular, chronic pulmonary disease and immunodeficiency. Nosocomial and infections in medical personnel have been reported. Drastic reductions of social contacts have been implemented in many countries with outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, leading to rapid reductions. Most interventions have used bundles, but which of the measures have been more or less effective is still unknown. The current estimate for the infection’s fatality rate is 0.5–1%. Using current models of age-dependent infection fatality rates, upper and lower limits for the attack rate in Germany can be estimated between 0.4 and 1.6%, lower than in most European countries. Conclusions Despite a rapid worldwide spread, attack rates have been low in most regions, demonstrating the efficacy of control measures.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1439-0973
0300-8126
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01531-3
DOI: 10.5283/epub.44663
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01531-310.5283/epub.44663
Access URL: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s15010-020-01531-3.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33034020
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6471778
https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/44663/
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....14738f7adb971047719c6aa33063d3d1
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Purpose SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged ß-coronavirus. Here we present the current knowledge on its epidemiologic features. Methods Non-systematic review. Results SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract. It is mainly transmitted by droplets and aerosols from asymptomatic and symptomatic infected subjects. The consensus estimate for the basis reproduction number (R0) is between 2 and 3, and the median incubation period is 5.7 (range 2–14) days. Similar to SARS and MERS, superspreading events have been reported, the dispersion parameter (kappa) is estimated at 0.1. Most infections are uncomplicated, and 5–10% of patients are hospitalized, mainly due to pneumonia with severe inflammation. Complications are respiratory and multiorgan failure; risk factors for complicated disease are higher age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic cardiovascular, chronic pulmonary disease and immunodeficiency. Nosocomial and infections in medical personnel have been reported. Drastic reductions of social contacts have been implemented in many countries with outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, leading to rapid reductions. Most interventions have used bundles, but which of the measures have been more or less effective is still unknown. The current estimate for the infection’s fatality rate is 0.5–1%. Using current models of age-dependent infection fatality rates, upper and lower limits for the attack rate in Germany can be estimated between 0.4 and 1.6%, lower than in most European countries. Conclusions Despite a rapid worldwide spread, attack rates have been low in most regions, demonstrating the efficacy of control measures.
ISSN:14390973
03008126
DOI:10.1007/s15010-020-01531-3