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Female and Combined Male–Female Injury Risk Functions for the Anterior Pelvis Under Frontal Lap Belt Loading Conditions

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Název: Female and Combined Male–Female Injury Risk Functions for the Anterior Pelvis Under Frontal Lap Belt Loading Conditions
Autoři: Connor Hanggi, Joon Seok Kong, James Caldwell, Bronislaw Gepner, Martin Ӧstling, Jason R. Kerrigan
Zdroj: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 53:2669-2678
Publication Status: Preprint
Informace o vydavateli: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025.
Rok vydání: 2025
Témata: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), FOS: Biological sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Physics - Biological Physics, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO), Physics - Medical Physics
Popis: Purpose Iliac wing fractures due to lap belt loading have been observed in laboratory settings for 50 years and recent data suggest they are also occurring in the field. Automated driving systems (ADS) and other occupant compartment advancements are expected to offer enhanced flexibility in seating orientation, which could place a greater reliance on the seatbelt to restrain occupants. Such changes may increase seatbelt loads and create new challenges in successfully restraining occupants and mitigating injury to areas, such as the pelvis. Injury criteria exist for component-level male iliac wing fractures resulting from frontal lap belt loading, but not for females. Methods This study explored female iliac wing fracture tolerance in the same loading environment as a previous study that explored the fracture tolerance of isolated male iliac wings. Male and female fracture data were combined to evaluate the effect of sex. Injury risk functions were created by fitting Weibull survival models to data that integrated censored and exact failure observations. Results Twenty female iliac wings were tested; fourteen of them sustained fracture with known failure forces (exact), but the remaining six wings either (1) did not fracture or (2) fractured after an event that changed the boundary conditions (right-censored). The fracture tolerance of the tested specimens ranged widely (1134–8759 N) and averaged 4240 N (SD 2516 N). Conclusion Female data and combined male–female data were analyzed. Age was the only covariate investigated in this study that had a statistically significant effect and improved the predictive performance of the models.
Druh dokumentu: Article
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 1573-9686
0090-6964
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-025-03777-0
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2501.08911
Přístupová URL adresa: http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08911
Rights: CC BY
CC BY NC ND
Přístupové číslo: edsair.doi.dedup.....05c677b6ef6cd6bd7348fef990dd40c0
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:Purpose Iliac wing fractures due to lap belt loading have been observed in laboratory settings for 50 years and recent data suggest they are also occurring in the field. Automated driving systems (ADS) and other occupant compartment advancements are expected to offer enhanced flexibility in seating orientation, which could place a greater reliance on the seatbelt to restrain occupants. Such changes may increase seatbelt loads and create new challenges in successfully restraining occupants and mitigating injury to areas, such as the pelvis. Injury criteria exist for component-level male iliac wing fractures resulting from frontal lap belt loading, but not for females. Methods This study explored female iliac wing fracture tolerance in the same loading environment as a previous study that explored the fracture tolerance of isolated male iliac wings. Male and female fracture data were combined to evaluate the effect of sex. Injury risk functions were created by fitting Weibull survival models to data that integrated censored and exact failure observations. Results Twenty female iliac wings were tested; fourteen of them sustained fracture with known failure forces (exact), but the remaining six wings either (1) did not fracture or (2) fractured after an event that changed the boundary conditions (right-censored). The fracture tolerance of the tested specimens ranged widely (1134–8759 N) and averaged 4240 N (SD 2516 N). Conclusion Female data and combined male–female data were analyzed. Age was the only covariate investigated in this study that had a statistically significant effect and improved the predictive performance of the models.
ISSN:15739686
00906964
DOI:10.1007/s10439-025-03777-0