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Childhood cancer and residential proximity to petrol stations: a nationwide registry-based case–control study in Switzerland and an updated meta-analysis

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Title: Childhood cancer and residential proximity to petrol stations: a nationwide registry-based case–control study in Switzerland and an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Claudia Kühni, Christian Kreis, Antonella Mazzei, Marcel Zwahlen, Ben D. Spycher, Garyfallos Konstantinoudis, Roland A. Ammann, Manuel Diezi
Source: Int Arch Occup Environ Health
International archives of occupational and environmental health, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 927-938
Mazzei, Antonella; Konstantinoudis, Garyfallos; Kreis, Christian; Diezi, Manuel; Ammann, Roland A; Zwahlen, Marcel; Kühni, Claudia; Spycher, Ben D (2022). Childhood cancer and residential proximity to petrol stations: a nationwide registry-based case-control study in Switzerland and an updated meta-analysis. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 95(5), pp. 927-938. Springer 10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y>
Publisher Information: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Subject Terms: Air Pollutants, Leukemia, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Infant, Leukemia/chemically induced, Leukemia/epidemiology, Neoplasms/chemically induced, Neoplasms/epidemiology, Registries, Switzerland/epidemiology, Air pollution, Benzene, Hematological cancer, Solvents, 610 Medicine & health, Environmental Exposure, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 360 Social problems & social services, Neoplasms, Original Article, Switzerland
Description: Purpose Benzene is a known carcinogen for adult leukemia. Exposure to benzene through parental occupation and the use of household products has been associated with childhood leukemia (CL). Ambient benzene has also been associated with CL and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We aimed to investigate whether the higher ambient levels of benzene in proximity of petrol stations are associated with a greater risk of childhood cancers, leukemia, and CNS tumors. Methods We identified children diagnosed with cancer at age 0–15 years during 1985–2015 from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry and selected 10 age and sex-matched controls per case from national censuses. We calculated the distance from children’s home to the nearest petrol station using precise geocodes. We estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression adjusting for ambient levels of NO2, distance to highways, level of urbanization, and presence of a cantonal cancer registry. In addition, we ran a meta-analysis pooling current results for CL with those of previous studies. Results We identified 6129 cases, of which 1880 were leukemias and 1290 CNS tumors. 24 cases lived within 50 m from a petrol station. The adjusted odds ratio of a cancer diagnosis for children thus exposed compared to unexposed children (> 500 m) was 1.29 (0.84–1.98) for all cancers combined, 1.08 (0.46–2.51) for leukemia, and 1.30 (0.51–3.35) for CNS tumors. During 2000–2015, when exposure assessment was more precise, the adjusted odds ratio for any cancer diagnosis was 1.77 (1.05–2.98). The summary relative risk estimate for CL in the meta-analysis including four studies was 2.01 (1.25–3.22). Conclusions Our study provides weak support for an increased risk of childhood cancers among children living close to petrol stations. A meta-analysis including our study suggests an increased risk for CL.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1432-1246
0340-0131
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y
DOI: 10.48350/160255
Access URL: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34652533
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00420-021-01767-y
https://paperity.org/p/275500583/childhood-cancer-and-residential-proximity-to-petrol-stations-a-nationwide-registry-based
https://boris.unibe.ch/160255/
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y.pdf
https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_AAA605FA4E74
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_AAA605FA4E74.P001/REF.pdf
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_AAA605FA4E749
https://boris.unibe.ch/160255/
Rights: CC BY
URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....045ad172079f9cb5fe62c2c9953191a4
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:Purpose Benzene is a known carcinogen for adult leukemia. Exposure to benzene through parental occupation and the use of household products has been associated with childhood leukemia (CL). Ambient benzene has also been associated with CL and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We aimed to investigate whether the higher ambient levels of benzene in proximity of petrol stations are associated with a greater risk of childhood cancers, leukemia, and CNS tumors. Methods We identified children diagnosed with cancer at age 0–15 years during 1985–2015 from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry and selected 10 age and sex-matched controls per case from national censuses. We calculated the distance from children’s home to the nearest petrol station using precise geocodes. We estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression adjusting for ambient levels of NO2, distance to highways, level of urbanization, and presence of a cantonal cancer registry. In addition, we ran a meta-analysis pooling current results for CL with those of previous studies. Results We identified 6129 cases, of which 1880 were leukemias and 1290 CNS tumors. 24 cases lived within 50 m from a petrol station. The adjusted odds ratio of a cancer diagnosis for children thus exposed compared to unexposed children (> 500 m) was 1.29 (0.84–1.98) for all cancers combined, 1.08 (0.46–2.51) for leukemia, and 1.30 (0.51–3.35) for CNS tumors. During 2000–2015, when exposure assessment was more precise, the adjusted odds ratio for any cancer diagnosis was 1.77 (1.05–2.98). The summary relative risk estimate for CL in the meta-analysis including four studies was 2.01 (1.25–3.22). Conclusions Our study provides weak support for an increased risk of childhood cancers among children living close to petrol stations. A meta-analysis including our study suggests an increased risk for CL.
ISSN:14321246
03400131
DOI:10.1007/s00420-021-01767-y