Navier–Stokes Equations vs. ψ–Hamzah Equation: Superiority Analysis
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| Abstrakt: | This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the classical Navier–Stokes equations and the novel ψ–Hamzah equation in fluid dynamics, highlighting the superior performance of the ψ–Hamzah model in various critical areas. The Navier–Stokes equations, while foundational in fluid mechanics, are limited by their assumptions of linearity, locality, and instantaneous field behavior. In contrast, the ψ–Hamzah equation incorporates fractional derivatives, memory-aware fields, and ψ–time, offering a more robust framework for modeling complex, non-linear, and turbulent fluid flows. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that the ψ–Hamzah model significantly outperforms the classical Navier–Stokes equations in key aspects such as prediction accuracy, data fitting, stability, and resistance to numerical noise. The ψ–Hamzah model is shown to maintain stability even in high Reynolds number regimes (Re ≈ 10⁴), whereas the classical model tends to diverge beyond Re > 3000. Moreover, the ψ–Hamzah model exhibits faster convergence rates and a better match to experimental data, particularly in turbulent and boundary-dominated flows. The superiority of the ψ–Hamzah equation lies not only in its numerical and analytical capabilities but also in its conceptual framework. By redefining time, memory, and field interactions, it provides a more comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics, especially in chaotic, non-linear, and multi-scale systems. The model’s capacity to adapt to complex systems with memory dynamics, such as turbulent fluid flow, complex networks, and even fields of cognitive and economic dynamics, positions it as a versatile tool for advancing scientific and engineering simulations across diverse disciplines. This work paves the way for the application of ψ–Hamzah in broader areas, including cosmology, biophysics, economics, and cognitive sciences, where traditional models face significant challenges. The ψ–Hamzah equation offers a more flexible and insightful framework for modeling systems with non-local, time-dependent, and fractal-like behaviors, thus representing a major leap forward in the study and simulation of complex systems. |
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| DOI: | 10.5281/zenodo.15880468 |
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