Septic Embolism: A Dreaded Complication of Cardiac and Vascular Infections
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| Titel: | Septic Embolism: A Dreaded Complication of Cardiac and Vascular Infections |
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| Autoren: | Elizabeth C. Stawicki, Julie M. Aultman, Michael S. Firstenberg |
| Verlagsinformationen: | IntechOpen, 2025. |
| Publikationsjahr: | 2025 |
| Beschreibung: | Septic Embolism results in potentially severe clinical consequences and high morbidity rates, especially when associated with infective endocarditis (IE). Often caused by combinations of thrombus and infectious material, either bacterial or fungal, septic embolism (SE) can originate from various infected sites by local or systemic metastasis, but it can also start with primary cardiac valve infections. Several factors, either alone or in combination may led to increased risk for IE – advanced patient age, the use of prosthetic valves, implantation of various intracardiac devices, intravenous (IV) drug use, and various healthcare associated infections that involve antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria - over the past two decades demonstrated high correlation with IE and SE incidence. In a typical clinical environment, IE may appear as clearly causative, but sometimes it may seem concurrent with the appearance of SE. Septic emboli tend to affect end-organs and organs with “filter-like” structure/function, often featuring a progressive change in vessel diameter (artery-arteriole-capillary-venule-vein). Although septic emboli to a wide range of anatomic locations have been described, most frequently involved organs are the liver, spleen, brain, and lower extremities. As with most infections, management requires prompt recognition, identification of offending microorganism(s), and the initiation of appropriate antibiotic regimen. The wide clinical spectrum of clinical presentation(s) makes diagnosis challenging. Multidisciplinary input requires cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, radiologists (including interventional radiologists), and often neurologists. The emergence of complications, which may be severe, brings into the decision-making equation difficult risk-benefit dilemmas revolving around goals-of-care and quality of life determinations. Post identification, both interventional and non-interventional management is dependent on the presence and severity of complications, as well as on the acknowledgment of clinical bias and diagnostic inconsistencies. Aggressive treatment is essential in halting the progression of SE, reduction in morbidity and mortality, and ultimately functional restoration and full recovery. |
| Publikationsart: | Part of book or chapter of book |
| Sprache: | English |
| DOI: | 10.5772/intechopen.1010905 |
| Rights: | CC BY |
| Dokumentencode: | edsair.doi...........e95afca4ab93a4ae4f974750aaf1130c |
| Datenbank: | OpenAIRE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Septic Embolism results in potentially severe clinical consequences and high morbidity rates, especially when associated with infective endocarditis (IE). Often caused by combinations of thrombus and infectious material, either bacterial or fungal, septic embolism (SE) can originate from various infected sites by local or systemic metastasis, but it can also start with primary cardiac valve infections. Several factors, either alone or in combination may led to increased risk for IE – advanced patient age, the use of prosthetic valves, implantation of various intracardiac devices, intravenous (IV) drug use, and various healthcare associated infections that involve antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria - over the past two decades demonstrated high correlation with IE and SE incidence. In a typical clinical environment, IE may appear as clearly causative, but sometimes it may seem concurrent with the appearance of SE. Septic emboli tend to affect end-organs and organs with “filter-like” structure/function, often featuring a progressive change in vessel diameter (artery-arteriole-capillary-venule-vein). Although septic emboli to a wide range of anatomic locations have been described, most frequently involved organs are the liver, spleen, brain, and lower extremities. As with most infections, management requires prompt recognition, identification of offending microorganism(s), and the initiation of appropriate antibiotic regimen. The wide clinical spectrum of clinical presentation(s) makes diagnosis challenging. Multidisciplinary input requires cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, radiologists (including interventional radiologists), and often neurologists. The emergence of complications, which may be severe, brings into the decision-making equation difficult risk-benefit dilemmas revolving around goals-of-care and quality of life determinations. Post identification, both interventional and non-interventional management is dependent on the presence and severity of complications, as well as on the acknowledgment of clinical bias and diagnostic inconsistencies. Aggressive treatment is essential in halting the progression of SE, reduction in morbidity and mortality, and ultimately functional restoration and full recovery. |
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| DOI: | 10.5772/intechopen.1010905 |