Extreme-depth water-related optical imaging: conquering ultra-low illumination environments from epipelagic zone to Mariana Trench.

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Titel: Extreme-depth water-related optical imaging: conquering ultra-low illumination environments from epipelagic zone to Mariana Trench.
Autoren: Sun, Zhe, Tian, Tong, Hu, Haofeng, He, Yan, Shangguan, Mingjia, Yu, Tao, Yang, Qingsong, Chen, Mingliang, Wang, Xinwei, Chen, Yifan, Yao, Kanzhong, Zheng, Ye, Qian, Ye, Dou, Mingyu, Xu, Jinghan, Li, Qiang, Wu, Guojun, Li, Xuelong
Quelle: PhotoniX; 1/13/2026, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1-89, 89p
Schlagwörter: UNDERWATER exploration, MARIANA Trench, OCEAN engineering, IMAGE enhancement (Imaging systems), OPTICAL images, SUBMERSIBLES, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, LIGHT propagation, BLUE lasers
Abstract: Exploring the ocean's vast, water-related environment, covering over 70% of Earth's surface, remains a formidable challenge due to photon starvation, high-pressure extremes, and complex light-scattering effects below the photic zone. Optical imaging technologies have emerged as transformative tools for full ocean depth exploration, overcoming limitations of traditional acoustic methods through high-resolution, spectrally rich, and temporally precise observations. This review systematically surveys the physical principles, engineering constraints, and state-of-the-art developments in optical imaging from surface waters to the Mariana Trench. We analyze the role of blue-green pulsed lasers in improving imaging quality. We highlight key factors affecting light propagation in seawater. Advanced imaging modalities such as polarized imaging, range-gated imaging, single-photon imaging, streak camera techniques, and ghost imaging (GI) are examined for their capabilities to enhance visibility, resolution, and resilience in turbid, light-limited conditions. Furthermore, we introduce the progress achieved by deep-sea submersibles and their high-performance camera payloads is highlighted, alongside the burgeoning integration of artificial-intelligence-driven image enhancement and restoration frameworks. Collectively, these interdisciplinary innovations chart a new path for unlocking deep-sea frontiers, enabling ecological monitoring, resource mapping, and autonomous guidance in earth's most inaccessible water-related realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of PhotoniX is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Extreme-depth water-related optical imaging: conquering ultra-low illumination environments from epipelagic zone to Mariana Trench.
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  Data: PhotoniX; 1/13/2026, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1-89, 89p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22UNDERWATER+exploration%22">UNDERWATER exploration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MARIANA+Trench%22">MARIANA Trench</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22OCEAN+engineering%22">OCEAN engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22IMAGE+enhancement+%28Imaging+systems%29%22">IMAGE enhancement (Imaging systems)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22OPTICAL+images%22">OPTICAL images</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SUBMERSIBLES%22">SUBMERSIBLES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ARTIFICIAL+intelligence%22">ARTIFICIAL intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LIGHT+propagation%22">LIGHT propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BLUE+lasers%22">BLUE lasers</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Exploring the ocean's vast, water-related environment, covering over 70% of Earth's surface, remains a formidable challenge due to photon starvation, high-pressure extremes, and complex light-scattering effects below the photic zone. Optical imaging technologies have emerged as transformative tools for full ocean depth exploration, overcoming limitations of traditional acoustic methods through high-resolution, spectrally rich, and temporally precise observations. This review systematically surveys the physical principles, engineering constraints, and state-of-the-art developments in optical imaging from surface waters to the Mariana Trench. We analyze the role of blue-green pulsed lasers in improving imaging quality. We highlight key factors affecting light propagation in seawater. Advanced imaging modalities such as polarized imaging, range-gated imaging, single-photon imaging, streak camera techniques, and ghost imaging (GI) are examined for their capabilities to enhance visibility, resolution, and resilience in turbid, light-limited conditions. Furthermore, we introduce the progress achieved by deep-sea submersibles and their high-performance camera payloads is highlighted, alongside the burgeoning integration of artificial-intelligence-driven image enhancement and restoration frameworks. Collectively, these interdisciplinary innovations chart a new path for unlocking deep-sea frontiers, enabling ecological monitoring, resource mapping, and autonomous guidance in earth's most inaccessible water-related realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of PhotoniX is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1186/s43074-025-00212-4
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: UNDERWATER exploration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MARIANA Trench
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      – SubjectFull: OCEAN engineering
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