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Land use dynamics in urban and rural areas of East Java (2015-2025).

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Title: Land use dynamics in urban and rural areas of East Java (2015-2025).
Authors: Masudi, Ach Fauzan, Mandala, Marga, Indarto, Indarto, Hakim, Farid Lukman, Basuki, Fitriani, Vivi, Rodhi, Nova Nevila, Saputra, Akhmad Andi
Source: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology (EEET); 2025, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p250-262, 13p
Subject Terms: LAND use, URBANIZATION, RURAL development, REMOTE-sensing images, RANDOM forest algorithms, LANDSCAPE changes, SUSTAINABLE development
Geographic Terms: SURABAYA (Indonesia), JAWA Timur (Indonesia)
Abstract: Land use land cover (LULC) changes analysis is important for understanding the dynamics of urbanization and rural transformation that determine the direction of sustainable regional development. This study analyzes changes in the LULC in East Java Province by comparing two maps resulting from the classification of Sentinel-2 imagery in 2015 and 2025. The images were processed using the Random Forest algorithm using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to generate LULC maps and then integrated with demographic data to understand the relationship between spatial dynamics and population pressure. A total of 518 training samples were interpreted using collected ground control point (GCP) data, Google Earth Pro, and GEE satellite basemaps. The collected training samples were divided into 70% training data and 30% validation data. Eight classes of LULC types were identified, including built-up areas (BU), heterogeneous agricultural land (HAL), bare soil (BS), rice fields (PF), open water (OW), vegetation (VG), shrubs (SH), and wetlands (WL). The analysis results show that in urban areas such as Surabaya, the built-up area has increased by +7.78%, while rice fields have decreased by 5.75% in the last ten years. Conversely, in rural areas such as Jember, rice fields have increased by +2.56%, while forest cover has decreased by 5.19% due to conversion to agricultural land and plantations. These findings emphasize the contrasting dynamics between urban expansion and rural transformation that affect the spatial structure and environmental balance in East Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Complementary Index
Description
Abstract:Land use land cover (LULC) changes analysis is important for understanding the dynamics of urbanization and rural transformation that determine the direction of sustainable regional development. This study analyzes changes in the LULC in East Java Province by comparing two maps resulting from the classification of Sentinel-2 imagery in 2015 and 2025. The images were processed using the Random Forest algorithm using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to generate LULC maps and then integrated with demographic data to understand the relationship between spatial dynamics and population pressure. A total of 518 training samples were interpreted using collected ground control point (GCP) data, Google Earth Pro, and GEE satellite basemaps. The collected training samples were divided into 70% training data and 30% validation data. Eight classes of LULC types were identified, including built-up areas (BU), heterogeneous agricultural land (HAL), bare soil (BS), rice fields (PF), open water (OW), vegetation (VG), shrubs (SH), and wetlands (WL). The analysis results show that in urban areas such as Surabaya, the built-up area has increased by +7.78%, while rice fields have decreased by 5.75% in the last ten years. Conversely, in rural areas such as Jember, rice fields have increased by +2.56%, while forest cover has decreased by 5.19% due to conversion to agricultural land and plantations. These findings emphasize the contrasting dynamics between urban expansion and rural transformation that affect the spatial structure and environmental balance in East Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:27197050
DOI:10.12912/27197050/214267