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Distinct 2D p (2 × 2) Sn/Cu(111) Superstructure at Low Temperature: Experimental Characterization and DFT Calculations of Its Geometry and Electronic Structure.

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Title: Distinct 2D p (2 × 2) Sn/Cu(111) Superstructure at Low Temperature: Experimental Characterization and DFT Calculations of Its Geometry and Electronic Structure.
Authors: Liang, Xihui, Luh, Dah-An, Cheng, Cheng-Maw
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991); Nov2025, Vol. 15 Issue 21, p1684, 13p
Subject Terms: TWO-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology), ELECTRONIC structure, AB-initio calculations, LOW temperatures, METALS, PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, SCANNING probe microscopy
Abstract: Atomically precise control of metal adatoms on metal surfaces is critical for designing novel low-dimensional materials, and the Sn-Cu(111) system is of particular interest due to the potential of stanene in topological physics. However, conflicting reports on Sn-induced superstructures on Cu(111) highlight the need for clarifying their geometric and electronic properties at low temperatures. We employed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate submonolayer (<0.25 ML) Sn adsorption on Cu(111) at 100 K. We confirmed a p(2 × 2) Sn/Cu(111) superstructure with one Sn atom per unit cell and found that Sn preferentially occupies three-fold hcp sites. ARPES measurements of the band structure—including a ~0.3 eV local gap between two specific bands at the Γ ¯ 2 point in a metallic overall electronic structure—were in good agreement with the DFT results. Notably, the STM-observed p(2 × 2) morphology differs from the honeycomb-like or buckled stanene structures reported on Cu(111), which highlights the intricate interactions between adatoms and the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Complementary Index
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Abstract:Atomically precise control of metal adatoms on metal surfaces is critical for designing novel low-dimensional materials, and the Sn-Cu(111) system is of particular interest due to the potential of stanene in topological physics. However, conflicting reports on Sn-induced superstructures on Cu(111) highlight the need for clarifying their geometric and electronic properties at low temperatures. We employed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate submonolayer (<0.25 ML) Sn adsorption on Cu(111) at 100 K. We confirmed a p(2 × 2) Sn/Cu(111) superstructure with one Sn atom per unit cell and found that Sn preferentially occupies three-fold hcp sites. ARPES measurements of the band structure—including a ~0.3 eV local gap between two specific bands at the Γ ¯ 2 point in a metallic overall electronic structure—were in good agreement with the DFT results. Notably, the STM-observed p(2 × 2) morphology differs from the honeycomb-like or buckled stanene structures reported on Cu(111), which highlights the intricate interactions between adatoms and the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:20794991
DOI:10.3390/nano15211684