View in EDS

Phytochemical investigation, in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activities of the leaf and fruit extracts of Hypericum revolutum Vahl (Amija), and essential oil composition of the leaf extract.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Phytochemical investigation, in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activities of the leaf and fruit extracts of Hypericum revolutum Vahl (Amija), and essential oil composition of the leaf extract.
Authors: Moges, Getaneh Worku, Manahelohe, Gizachew Mulugeta, Assege, Melesse Ababay, Wodajo, Ayalew Temesgen
Source: BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies; 10/22/2025, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p1-17, 17p
Subject Terms: THERAPEUTIC use of antioxidants, ANTIBIOTICS, FOLIAR diagnosis, PHENOL analysis, FRUIT, IN vitro studies, TANNINS, ALKALOIDS, TRADITIONAL medicine, DATA analysis, ESSENTIAL oils, FLAVONOIDS, PHYTOCHEMICALS, HYPERICUM perforatum, PLANT extracts, GAS chromatography, DRUG efficacy, MASS spectrometry, GLYCOSIDES, ONE-way analysis of variance, STATISTICS, GRAM-negative bacteria, GRAM-positive bacteria, EVALUATION
Abstract: Hypericum revolutum Vahl, a flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family, is traditionally used in Ethiopia to treat febrile illnesses in humans and combat diarrhea in livestock. It is known for its significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy of the leaf and fruit extracts, as well as the essential oil obtained from the leaves. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while crude extracts were obtained through successive maceration using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol solvents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified major compounds, including 1R-alpha-Pinene (59.21%) and D-Limonene (7.979%). Phytochemical screening of methanol extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Quantitative analysis revealed high total phenolic (162.04 ± 0.77 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (181.96 ± 8.35 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g) in fruit and leaf extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activity, assessed by the DPPH assay, showed IC50 values of 110.07 ± 1.60 μg/mL (fruit) and 154.97 ± 4.34 μg/mL (leaf) in methanol extracts, compared to ascorbic acid (IC50: 27.54 ± 0.80 μg/mL). The FRAP assay revealed higher absorbance in extracts compared to ascorbic acid, indicating potent antioxidant potential. Antibacterial activity, assessed using the agar-well diffusion method, revealed significant inhibition against gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae), with leaf extracts showing superior activity. The essential oil exhibited lower antibacterial efficacy. These findings support the traditional medicinal uses of H. revolutum and suggest its potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Further studies, including MIC/MBC determinations and advanced phytochemical analyses such as LC-MS/MS or HPLC-MS, are warranted to fully explore its therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Complementary Index
Description
Abstract:Hypericum revolutum Vahl, a flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family, is traditionally used in Ethiopia to treat febrile illnesses in humans and combat diarrhea in livestock. It is known for its significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy of the leaf and fruit extracts, as well as the essential oil obtained from the leaves. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while crude extracts were obtained through successive maceration using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol solvents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified major compounds, including 1R-alpha-Pinene (59.21%) and D-Limonene (7.979%). Phytochemical screening of methanol extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Quantitative analysis revealed high total phenolic (162.04 ± 0.77 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (181.96 ± 8.35 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g) in fruit and leaf extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activity, assessed by the DPPH assay, showed IC<subscript>50</subscript> values of 110.07 ± 1.60 μg/mL (fruit) and 154.97 ± 4.34 μg/mL (leaf) in methanol extracts, compared to ascorbic acid (IC<subscript>50</subscript>: 27.54 ± 0.80 μg/mL). The FRAP assay revealed higher absorbance in extracts compared to ascorbic acid, indicating potent antioxidant potential. Antibacterial activity, assessed using the agar-well diffusion method, revealed significant inhibition against gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae), with leaf extracts showing superior activity. The essential oil exhibited lower antibacterial efficacy. These findings support the traditional medicinal uses of H. revolutum and suggest its potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Further studies, including MIC/MBC determinations and advanced phytochemical analyses such as LC-MS/MS or HPLC-MS, are warranted to fully explore its therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:26627671
DOI:10.1186/s12906-025-05134-z