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Comparative Analysis of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Meat and Poultry Farm Environments in Pakistan.

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Názov: Comparative Analysis of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Meat and Poultry Farm Environments in Pakistan.
Autori: Fatima, Arjmand, Ali, Sultan, Raut, Rabin
Zdroj: DNA (2673-8856); Sep2025, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p42, 15p
Predmety: ESCHERICHIA coli, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, BIOSECURITY, ZOONOSES, POULTRY as food, POULTRY farm management, MICROBIAL virulence genetics
Geografický termín: PAKISTAN
Abstrakt: Background/Objectives: Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains harboring virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a significant risk to poultry production and public health in Pakistan. This study aimed to isolate E. coli from poultry meat and poultry farm environments and compare their virulence gene profiles and AMR patterns. Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected, including 50 poultry meat samples from retail shops and 50 environmental samples from poultry farms. E. coli was isolated on MacConkey agar following overnight enrichment in lactose broth. Isolates were confirmed by biochemical testing and 16S rRNA gene PCR. Virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae) were detected using multiplex PCR, and AMR profiles were assessed via the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: E. coli was isolated from 26 poultry meat samples (52%) and 23 poultry farm environment samples (46%). All isolates harbored at least one virulence gene, with stx2 being the most prevalent (34.62% meat; 39.13% environment), followed by stx1 (19.23% meat; 17.40% environment) and eae (11.54% meat; 13.04% environment). Combined gene patterns (stx1/eae, stx2/eae, stx1/stx2/eae) were also detected across both sources. AMR analysis revealed high resistance to cefoxitin (100% both sources), trimethoprim (57.09% meat; 60.87% environment), and ampicillin–sulbactam (42.3% meat; 52.17% environment). In contrast, isolates were completely susceptible to norfloxacin (100% meat; 95.65% environment) and exhibited high susceptibility to tetracycline (84.62% meat; 82.61% environment). Statistical comparisons using Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in virulence gene prevalence or AMR patterns between poultry meat and environmental isolates. Conclusions: These findings highlight poultry farm environments as potential reservoirs for pathogenic, antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, emphasizing the risk of zoonotic transmission through contaminated poultry meat and the need for improved biosecurity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstrakt:Background/Objectives: Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains harboring virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a significant risk to poultry production and public health in Pakistan. This study aimed to isolate E. coli from poultry meat and poultry farm environments and compare their virulence gene profiles and AMR patterns. Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected, including 50 poultry meat samples from retail shops and 50 environmental samples from poultry farms. E. coli was isolated on MacConkey agar following overnight enrichment in lactose broth. Isolates were confirmed by biochemical testing and 16S rRNA gene PCR. Virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae) were detected using multiplex PCR, and AMR profiles were assessed via the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: E. coli was isolated from 26 poultry meat samples (52%) and 23 poultry farm environment samples (46%). All isolates harbored at least one virulence gene, with stx2 being the most prevalent (34.62% meat; 39.13% environment), followed by stx1 (19.23% meat; 17.40% environment) and eae (11.54% meat; 13.04% environment). Combined gene patterns (stx1/eae, stx2/eae, stx1/stx2/eae) were also detected across both sources. AMR analysis revealed high resistance to cefoxitin (100% both sources), trimethoprim (57.09% meat; 60.87% environment), and ampicillin–sulbactam (42.3% meat; 52.17% environment). In contrast, isolates were completely susceptible to norfloxacin (100% meat; 95.65% environment) and exhibited high susceptibility to tetracycline (84.62% meat; 82.61% environment). Statistical comparisons using Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in virulence gene prevalence or AMR patterns between poultry meat and environmental isolates. Conclusions: These findings highlight poultry farm environments as potential reservoirs for pathogenic, antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, emphasizing the risk of zoonotic transmission through contaminated poultry meat and the need for improved biosecurity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:26738856
DOI:10.3390/dna5030042