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Self-Assembly 4-Butylresorcinol Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanoparticles for Efficient Transdermal Delivery and Whitening.

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Název: Self-Assembly 4-Butylresorcinol Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanoparticles for Efficient Transdermal Delivery and Whitening.
Autoři: Han, Hongtao, Hu, Dan, Deng, Yaoming, Song, Jiayi, Sheng, Yuyang, Liu, Jingxin, Wu, Chengyu, Zeng, Bin
Zdroj: Pharmaceuticals (14248247); Sep2025, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1383, 16p
Témata: NANOPARTICLES, TRANSDERMAL medication, BLEACHING materials, CHEMICAL stability, MOLECULAR self-assembly, PIGMENTS, EUTECTIC reactions, SKIN discoloration
Abstrakt: Background: Skin whitening agents often face challenges such as poor stability and low permeability. To overcome these issues, a novel 4-butylresorcinol (4-BR)/D-a- Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS) deep eutectic solvent (DES) system was developed, which can self-assemble into carrier-free nanoparticles (NPs). Methods: The 4-BR/TPGS DES was synthesized and characterized by theoretical calculations, DSC, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 2D NMR to confirm its successful formation. Results: The self-assembled 4-BR/TPGS DES NPs showed a 3.46-fold increase in skin permeability, a 1.53-fold improvement in 4-BR stability, a 1.55-fold increase in melanin inhibition in B16 cells, and a 2.16-fold higher melanin suppression in zebrafish compared with traditional 4-BR oil-based formulations. These results indicated the excellent whitening efficacy and transdermal delivery potential of this formulation. Conclusions: The combination of TPGS-based DES and self-assembly technology represents a revolutionary approach for advanced transdermal delivery and the development of skin care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Databáze: Complementary Index
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Abstrakt:Background: Skin whitening agents often face challenges such as poor stability and low permeability. To overcome these issues, a novel 4-butylresorcinol (4-BR)/D-a- Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS) deep eutectic solvent (DES) system was developed, which can self-assemble into carrier-free nanoparticles (NPs). Methods: The 4-BR/TPGS DES was synthesized and characterized by theoretical calculations, DSC, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 2D NMR to confirm its successful formation. Results: The self-assembled 4-BR/TPGS DES NPs showed a 3.46-fold increase in skin permeability, a 1.53-fold improvement in 4-BR stability, a 1.55-fold increase in melanin inhibition in B16 cells, and a 2.16-fold higher melanin suppression in zebrafish compared with traditional 4-BR oil-based formulations. These results indicated the excellent whitening efficacy and transdermal delivery potential of this formulation. Conclusions: The combination of TPGS-based DES and self-assembly technology represents a revolutionary approach for advanced transdermal delivery and the development of skin care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:14248247
DOI:10.3390/ph18091383