View in EDS

An Extended Survey Concerning the Vector Commitments.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: An Extended Survey Concerning the Vector Commitments.
Authors: Nutu, Maria, Akhalaia, Giorgi, Bocu, Razvan, Iavich, Maksim
Source: Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Sep2025, Vol. 15 Issue 17, p9510, 32p
Subject Terms: CRYPTOGRAPHY, BLOCKCHAINS
Abstract: Commitment schemes represent foundational cryptographic primitives enabling secure verification protocols across diverse applications, from blockchain systems to zero-knowledge proofs. This paper presents a systematic survey of vector, polynomial, and functional commitment schemes, analyzing their evolution from classical constructions to post-quantum secure alternatives. We examine the strengths and limitations of RSA-based, Diffie–Hellman, and lattice-based approaches, highlighting the critical shift toward quantum-resistant designs necessitated by emerging computational threats. The survey reveals that while lattice-based schemes (particularly those using the Short Integer Solution problem) offer promising security guarantees, they face practical challenges in proof size and verification efficiency. Functional commitments emerge as a powerful generalization, though their adoption is constrained by computational overhead and setup requirements. Key findings identify persistent gaps in adaptive security, composability, and real-world deployment, while proposed solutions emphasize optimization techniques and hybrid approaches. By synthesizing over 90 research works, this paper provides both a comprehensive reference for cryptographic researchers and a roadmap for future developments in commitment schemes, particularly in addressing the urgent demands of post-quantum cryptography and decentralized systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Sciences (2076-3417) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Complementary Index
Description
Abstract:Commitment schemes represent foundational cryptographic primitives enabling secure verification protocols across diverse applications, from blockchain systems to zero-knowledge proofs. This paper presents a systematic survey of vector, polynomial, and functional commitment schemes, analyzing their evolution from classical constructions to post-quantum secure alternatives. We examine the strengths and limitations of RSA-based, Diffie–Hellman, and lattice-based approaches, highlighting the critical shift toward quantum-resistant designs necessitated by emerging computational threats. The survey reveals that while lattice-based schemes (particularly those using the Short Integer Solution problem) offer promising security guarantees, they face practical challenges in proof size and verification efficiency. Functional commitments emerge as a powerful generalization, though their adoption is constrained by computational overhead and setup requirements. Key findings identify persistent gaps in adaptive security, composability, and real-world deployment, while proposed solutions emphasize optimization techniques and hybrid approaches. By synthesizing over 90 research works, this paper provides both a comprehensive reference for cryptographic researchers and a roadmap for future developments in commitment schemes, particularly in addressing the urgent demands of post-quantum cryptography and decentralized systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:20763417
DOI:10.3390/app15179510