Zobrazit v EDS

Long COVID-19: a Four-Year prospective cohort study of risk factors, recovery, and quality of life.

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Název: Long COVID-19: a Four-Year prospective cohort study of risk factors, recovery, and quality of life.
Autoři: Kamal, Sanaa M., Al Qahtani, Mohammed S., Al Aseeri, Ali, Naghib, Mohey El Deen Mohamed, Al Mazroua, Adul Majeed Mazroua, Alshamrani, Abdulaziz M. M., Al Mazroua, Mohamed Mazroua, AlHarbi, Faisal S. F.
Zdroj: BMC Infectious Diseases; 8/30/2025, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p
Témata: QUALITY of life, DISEASE risk factors, COHORT analysis, HEALING, POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome, SAUDI Arabians
Geografický termín: MIDDLE East, SAUDI Arabia
Abstrakt: Purpose: Long COVID-19 is a growing public health concern, but its long-term burden and predictors remain underexplored, particularly in underrepresented populations. Methods: This four-year prospective cohort study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, enrolling adults with confirmed acute COVID-19 from multiple affiliated healthcare centers between March 2020 and March 2024. Of 1,521 screened patients, 816 were enrolled and followed for up to four years (median: 24 months). Per WHO criteria, participants were classified as having long COVID-19 (n = 238) or resolved infection (n = 578). Demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, reinfection, and acute illness severity were recorded. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using SF-36 and EQ-5D-5 L. Logistic regression identified predictors of long COVID-19, and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated time to recovery. Results: Fatigue (57.1%), post-exertional malaise (45.8%), cough (41.2%), and cognitive dysfunction (30.7%) were the most common persistent symptoms. Female sex (adjusted OR 11.11; 95% CI: 4.48–26.24) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 14.3; 95% CI: 7.0–29.4) independently predicted long COVID-19. Delayed recovery was associated with female sex (aHR 3.36; 95% CI: 1.85–6.10), diabetes (aHR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00–2.46), reinfection (aHR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.05–3.29), and hospitalization (aHR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16). HRQoL scores remained significantly lower at 6 and 12 months. In the long COVID-19 group, 38.7% of patients normally resumed work within 12 months, compared to 82.3% in the resolved COVID-19 group. Conclusions: Nearly 29% of post-acute COVID-19 patients developed long COVID-19 in this Middle Eastern cohort. Female sex, diabetes, reinfection, and hospitalization predicted delayed recovery. Persistent symptoms and impaired HRQoL highlight the need for early risk stratification and structured post-COVID care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Infectious Diseases is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Databáze: Complementary Index
Popis
Abstrakt:Purpose: Long COVID-19 is a growing public health concern, but its long-term burden and predictors remain underexplored, particularly in underrepresented populations. Methods: This four-year prospective cohort study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, enrolling adults with confirmed acute COVID-19 from multiple affiliated healthcare centers between March 2020 and March 2024. Of 1,521 screened patients, 816 were enrolled and followed for up to four years (median: 24 months). Per WHO criteria, participants were classified as having long COVID-19 (n = 238) or resolved infection (n = 578). Demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, reinfection, and acute illness severity were recorded. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using SF-36 and EQ-5D-5 L. Logistic regression identified predictors of long COVID-19, and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated time to recovery. Results: Fatigue (57.1%), post-exertional malaise (45.8%), cough (41.2%), and cognitive dysfunction (30.7%) were the most common persistent symptoms. Female sex (adjusted OR 11.11; 95% CI: 4.48–26.24) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 14.3; 95% CI: 7.0–29.4) independently predicted long COVID-19. Delayed recovery was associated with female sex (aHR 3.36; 95% CI: 1.85–6.10), diabetes (aHR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00–2.46), reinfection (aHR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.05–3.29), and hospitalization (aHR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16). HRQoL scores remained significantly lower at 6 and 12 months. In the long COVID-19 group, 38.7% of patients normally resumed work within 12 months, compared to 82.3% in the resolved COVID-19 group. Conclusions: Nearly 29% of post-acute COVID-19 patients developed long COVID-19 in this Middle Eastern cohort. Female sex, diabetes, reinfection, and hospitalization predicted delayed recovery. Persistent symptoms and impaired HRQoL highlight the need for early risk stratification and structured post-COVID care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:14712334
DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-11468-3