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Degradation of amoxicillin using CoFe2O4@three-dimensional TiO2@graphene aerogels composite: kinetic, reusability, mineralization, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment.

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Název: Degradation of amoxicillin using CoFe2O4@three-dimensional TiO2@graphene aerogels composite: kinetic, reusability, mineralization, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment.
Autoři: Zisti, Fatemeh, Abdullaev, Sherzod, Haydar, Sami, Rab, Safia Obaidur, Misra, Neeti, Ali, Saad Hayif Jasim, Alawadi, Ahmed Hussien, Alsalamy, Ali, Mengelizadeh, Nezamaddin, Balarak, Davoud
Zdroj: Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy; Aug2025, Vol. 27 Issue 8, p3743-3762, 20p
Témata: AMOXICILLIN, PHOTOCATALYSIS, TITANIUM dioxide, MINERALIZATION, FERRIC oxide, GRAPHENE, TOXICITY testing, SUSTAINABILITY
Abstrakt: An efficient photocatalyst, CoFe2O4@3D-TiO2@GA, was developed to investigate the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) using visible light. The nanocomposite was synthesized as a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel doped with CoFe2O4@three-dimensional-TiO2. Achieving 100% removal of AMX required optimal values of solution pH ~ 3–5, initial AMX concentration of 25 mg/L, and catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L within a reaction time of 60 min. Extensive analysis was performed on the degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway. The CoFe2O4@3D-TiO2@GA displayed high reusability, so that after five consecutive cycles, the AMX degradation (100–96.1%) decreased slightly. While the total mineralization of AMX reached 86% after 2 h, based on TOC, the intermediate products in the AMX solution lost their toxicity to E. coli after undergoing photocatalytic degradation. BOD5/COD and BOD5/TOC ratios in raw sewage were 0.73 and 0.22, respectively. After 120 min photocatalytic reaction, BOD5/TOC and BOD5/COD reached 1.3 and 0.77, indicating conversion of non-biological sewage to biodegradable effluent. Also, the reaction rate coefficient for the photocatalytic process at different concentrations was 7–16 times higher than that of the adsorption process. The half-life constant for the optimal concentration of 10 mg/L was 101.9 min for the adsorption process and 6.5 min for the photocatalytic process. This research found that a combination of adsorption and photocatalysis was crucial, with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as the main reactive oxidative species. In summary, the study offers a fresh approach to creating CoFe2O4@3D-TiO2@GA that could have significant promise in environmental applications driven by visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Databáze: Complementary Index
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Abstrakt:An efficient photocatalyst, CoFe<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>4</subscript>@3D-TiO<subscript>2</subscript>@GA, was developed to investigate the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) using visible light. The nanocomposite was synthesized as a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel doped with CoFe<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>4</subscript>@three-dimensional-TiO<subscript>2</subscript>. Achieving 100% removal of AMX required optimal values of solution pH ~ 3–5, initial AMX concentration of 25 mg/L, and catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L within a reaction time of 60 min. Extensive analysis was performed on the degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway. The CoFe<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>4</subscript>@3D-TiO<subscript>2</subscript>@GA displayed high reusability, so that after five consecutive cycles, the AMX degradation (100–96.1%) decreased slightly. While the total mineralization of AMX reached 86% after 2 h, based on TOC, the intermediate products in the AMX solution lost their toxicity to E. coli after undergoing photocatalytic degradation. BOD<subscript>5</subscript>/COD and BOD<subscript>5</subscript>/TOC ratios in raw sewage were 0.73 and 0.22, respectively. After 120 min photocatalytic reaction, BOD<subscript>5</subscript>/TOC and BOD<subscript>5</subscript>/COD reached 1.3 and 0.77, indicating conversion of non-biological sewage to biodegradable effluent. Also, the reaction rate coefficient for the photocatalytic process at different concentrations was 7–16 times higher than that of the adsorption process. The half-life constant for the optimal concentration of 10 mg/L was 101.9 min for the adsorption process and 6.5 min for the photocatalytic process. This research found that a combination of adsorption and photocatalysis was crucial, with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as the main reactive oxidative species. In summary, the study offers a fresh approach to creating CoFe<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>4</subscript>@3D-TiO<subscript>2</subscript>@GA that could have significant promise in environmental applications driven by visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:1618954X
DOI:10.1007/s10098-024-03077-6