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Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma and Strategies to Overcome It.

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Titel: Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma and Strategies to Overcome It.
Autoren: Zielińska, Magdalena K., Ciążyńska, Magdalena, Sulejczak, Dorota, Rutkowski, Piotr, Czarnecka, Anna M.
Quelle: Biomolecules (2218-273X); Feb2025, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p269, 24p
Schlagwörter: NATURAL immunity, EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition, PHENOTYPIC plasticity, TUMOR microenvironment, MELANOMA
Abstract: Resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma remains a major obstacle in achieving effective and durable treatment outcomes, highlighting the need to understand and address the underlying mechanisms. The first key factor is innate anti-PD-1 resistance signature (IPRES), an expression of a group of genes associated with tumor plasticity and immune evasion. IPRES promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing melanoma cells' invasiveness and survival. Overexpressed AXL, TWIST2, and WNT5a induce phenotypic changes. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines frequently coincides with EMT-related changes, further promoting a resistant and aggressive tumor phenotype. Inflamed tumor microenvironment may also drive the expression of resistance. The complexity of immune resistance development suggests that combination therapies are necessary to overcome it. Furthermore, targeting epigenetic regulation and exploring novel approaches such as miR-146a modulation may provide new strategies to counter resistance in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Datenbank: Complementary Index
Beschreibung
Abstract:Resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma remains a major obstacle in achieving effective and durable treatment outcomes, highlighting the need to understand and address the underlying mechanisms. The first key factor is innate anti-PD-1 resistance signature (IPRES), an expression of a group of genes associated with tumor plasticity and immune evasion. IPRES promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing melanoma cells' invasiveness and survival. Overexpressed AXL, TWIST2, and WNT5a induce phenotypic changes. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines frequently coincides with EMT-related changes, further promoting a resistant and aggressive tumor phenotype. Inflamed tumor microenvironment may also drive the expression of resistance. The complexity of immune resistance development suggests that combination therapies are necessary to overcome it. Furthermore, targeting epigenetic regulation and exploring novel approaches such as miR-146a modulation may provide new strategies to counter resistance in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:2218273X
DOI:10.3390/biom15020269