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Efficiency of carbothermal reduction in treating NORM waste containing Ba(226Ra)SO4.

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Title: Efficiency of carbothermal reduction in treating NORM waste containing Ba(226Ra)SO4.
Authors: Zhang, Lin, Lu, Zonghui, Su, Zhe, Zhang, Ye, He, Hui
Source: Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry; Feb2025, Vol. 334 Issue 2, p1217-1224, 8p
Subject Terms: ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC acid, WASTE minimization, BARIUM sulfate, RADIOACTIVE substances, INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction
Abstract: This study delineates the intrinsic composition of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste and affirms the viability of the carbothermal reduction method for the transformation of Ba(226Ra)SO4 into Ba(226Ra)S. The waste was solubilized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and its constituents were determined employing X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, identifying barium sulfate (BaSO4) as the predominant component at a weight percentage of 67.13%. Thermodynamic calculations of the carbothermal reduction process were conducted utilizing the HSC Chemistry software, followed by systematic kinetic validation experiments with BaSO4 as a proxy for Ba(226Ra)SO4. The results demonstrate that carbothermal reduction of BaSO4 initiates at temperatures surpassing 776 °C. The conversion efficiency of BaSO4 to BaS is markedly influenced by temperature, with the rate escalating from 47.48% to 89.83% as the temperature is incremented from 850 °C to 950 °C. This method effectively converts the very insoluble NORM waste into readily soluble forms of Ba and Ra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Complementary Index
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Abstract:This study delineates the intrinsic composition of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste and affirms the viability of the carbothermal reduction method for the transformation of Ba(<sup>226</sup>Ra)SO<subscript>4</subscript> into Ba(<sup>226</sup>Ra)S. The waste was solubilized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and its constituents were determined employing X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, identifying barium sulfate (BaSO<subscript>4</subscript>) as the predominant component at a weight percentage of 67.13%. Thermodynamic calculations of the carbothermal reduction process were conducted utilizing the HSC Chemistry software, followed by systematic kinetic validation experiments with BaSO<subscript>4</subscript> as a proxy for Ba(<sup>226</sup>Ra)SO<subscript>4</subscript>. The results demonstrate that carbothermal reduction of BaSO<subscript>4</subscript> initiates at temperatures surpassing 776 °C. The conversion efficiency of BaSO<subscript>4</subscript> to BaS is markedly influenced by temperature, with the rate escalating from 47.48% to 89.83% as the temperature is incremented from 850 °C to 950 °C. This method effectively converts the very insoluble NORM waste into readily soluble forms of Ba and Ra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02365731
DOI:10.1007/s10967-024-09935-3