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Geochemistry by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on the Moon: Accuracy, Detection Limits, and Realistic Constraints on Interpretations.

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Title: Geochemistry by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on the Moon: Accuracy, Detection Limits, and Realistic Constraints on Interpretations.
Authors: Dyar, M. D., Ytsma, C. R., Lepore, K.
Source: Earth & Space Science; Oct2024, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1-17, 17p
Subject Terms: MARS rovers, SOLAR system, ANALYTICAL geochemistry, TRACE elements, GEOCHEMISTRY, RUBIDIUM
Abstract: After its successful implementation on the surface of Mars, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is likely to be employed on a diverse array of other solid bodies in our Solar System. Here we address the accuracy and quantification limits of LIBS under the vacuum conditions found on the Moon relative to what is known about its geochemistry. The interplay among accuracy as represented by root mean‐squared errors (RMSE), the median concentration, and quantification limits (LOQ) of LIBS analyses for each of 69 elements is evaluated. This comparison shows that several key elements in lunar geochemistry cannot be well‐studied with LIBS, including K2O, S, Rb, Br, and C. Conversely, highly accurate analyses of SiO2, CaO, and many minor and trace elements such as Mn, Yb, and Zn are possible under conditions found on the Moon. Use of LIBS must always be considered in the context of the geochemistry and geology of the target materials. Plain Language Summary: The technique of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to measure geochemistries of surface materials on Mars by both the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers. This paper examines the application of LIBS for lunar analyses, which also has implications for use of LIBS on other airless bodes. Several key elements that are used to understand the origin of surface materials on the Moon cannot be usefully analyzed by LIBS, including potassium and carbon. However, many other elements can be quantified by LIBS on the Moon, such as silicon, calcium, and several trace elements. Key Points: Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be employed for accurate geochemical analyses on airless bodiesElements key to lunar petrology such as K2O will be intractable because concentrations are below LIBS quantification limitsApplicability of LIBS must always be supported by the geochemistry and geology of the target materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:After its successful implementation on the surface of Mars, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is likely to be employed on a diverse array of other solid bodies in our Solar System. Here we address the accuracy and quantification limits of LIBS under the vacuum conditions found on the Moon relative to what is known about its geochemistry. The interplay among accuracy as represented by root mean‐squared errors (RMSE), the median concentration, and quantification limits (LOQ) of LIBS analyses for each of 69 elements is evaluated. This comparison shows that several key elements in lunar geochemistry cannot be well‐studied with LIBS, including K2O, S, Rb, Br, and C. Conversely, highly accurate analyses of SiO2, CaO, and many minor and trace elements such as Mn, Yb, and Zn are possible under conditions found on the Moon. Use of LIBS must always be considered in the context of the geochemistry and geology of the target materials. Plain Language Summary: The technique of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to measure geochemistries of surface materials on Mars by both the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers. This paper examines the application of LIBS for lunar analyses, which also has implications for use of LIBS on other airless bodes. Several key elements that are used to understand the origin of surface materials on the Moon cannot be usefully analyzed by LIBS, including potassium and carbon. However, many other elements can be quantified by LIBS on the Moon, such as silicon, calcium, and several trace elements. Key Points: Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be employed for accurate geochemical analyses on airless bodiesElements key to lunar petrology such as K2O will be intractable because concentrations are below LIBS quantification limitsApplicability of LIBS must always be supported by the geochemistry and geology of the target materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:23335084
DOI:10.1029/2024EA003635