New data on the ecology and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae).

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Název:	New data on the ecology and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae).
Alternate Title:	Nové údaje o ekologii a ochraně nosorožce jávského Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae). (Spanish)
Autoři:	NARDELLI, FRANCESCO, ROBOVSKÝ, JAN
Zdroj:	Gazella; 2022, p182-205, 24p
Témata:	RHINOCEROSES, MOUNTAINEERING, MOUNTAIN forests, CELL culture, NATIONAL parks & reserves, ACQUISITION of data
Geografický termín:	JAVA (Indonesia)
Abstract (English):	Despite investing great effort into in situ data collection, the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus is still a poorly known species. Previously, this taxon was present throughout South-east Asia, from Bangladesh to Vietnam, and from Southern China to Java. Unfortunately, only about 60 Rhinoceros sondaicus remain today, mostly males, and all reside in the Ujung Kulon National Park, on the island of Java, Indonesia. This second largest mammal of the South-east Asian rainforest is a solitary dweller of lowland woodlands and does not climb mountains. Its upper lip is prehensile and differs from that of the grazer Rhinoceros unicornis in both length and adaptation, as the Javan rhinoceros is a generalist browser. A prominent distinctive feature of the Javan rhinoceros is the 'saddle' on the neck, while the female horn is nearly absent, allowing sexual distinction to be made even among young individuals. Based on data from camera traps we suspect that Rhinoceros sondaicus has also developed a peculiar and complex behaviour, as well as characteristic vocalization related to mud wallows. As this species is sometime wrongly classified as Rhinoceros unicornis, to aid in better differentiation, a distinctive behavioural trait of mothers and their calves is described in this work. A goal is also to highlight the need for a much greater effort to know and preserve the surviving individuals to ensure that this unique species will not disappear forever. Conservation is dangerously lacking constant management control and a second population establishment is not considered as a priority. The authors propose increasing the carrying capacity of the current area, as the rhinos are confined within the Ujung Kulon National Park, which has limited suitable habitat. They propose creating new clearings by falling large trees in palm-free areas, allowing saplings to grow and increasing the quantity of food available to the rhinos as well as highlighting the urgency of ex situ management strategies and biobanking of cell cultures for the maximizing conservation options for the survival of this valuable species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Czech):	Nosorožec jávský zůstává navzdory značnému úsilí nejméně známým druhem nosorožce. Dříve se tento taxon vyskytoval v celé jihovýchodní Asii, od Bangladéše po Vietnam a od jižní Číny po Jávu. Bohužel v současnosti přežívá jen cca 60 jedinců, v nevyváženém poměru pohlaví ve prospěch samců, a pouze v národním parku Ujung Kulon na západě Jávy. Tento druhý největší savec tropických deštných pralesů jihovýchodní Asie je samotářským druhem obývajícím nížinné lesy. Má citlivý horní pysk, což s dalšími znaky značí, že patří mezi býložravci k tzv. okusovačům. Dalším charakteristickým rysem nosorožce jávského je „sedlo" na krku, jakož i téměř chybějící roh u samic, což umožňuje rozlišovat pohlaví u pozorovaných jedinců, včetně mladých zvířat. Na základě dat z fotopastí tušíme, že nosorožec jávský vykazuje řadu jedinečných prvků chování, včetně vokalizace v místě vyhledávaných bahnisk. Oproti nejpříbuznějšímu nosorožci indickému jeho mláďata následují matku, což je může činit zranitelnějšími. Příspěvek se snaží poukázat na potřebu mnohem většího úsilí o poznání biologie druhu, jakož i na zachování přeživších jedinců, aby tento jedinečný druh nezmizel navždy. Z ochranářského hlediska příspěvek poukazuje na refugiální výskyt tohoto druhu v prostředí, které má omezenou nosnou kapacitu, navíc obývané území má významný podíl suboptimálního prostředí. Proto autoři navrhují zvýšit nosnou kapacitu oblasti vytvářením mýtin padajícími velkými stromy v oblastech bez palem, což by umožnilo růst stromků a zvýšilo by tak množství potravy pro nosorožce. Dále apelují na založení záložní populace kombinující principy ex a in situ ochrany, jakož i uchování buněčných kultur z každého možného jedince jako prostředek ke zvýšení šancí na udržení tohoto druhu pro další generace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Copyright of Gazella is the property of Zoologicka Zahrada v Praze and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Databáze:	Complementary Index

Popis
Abstrakt:	Despite investing great effort into in situ data collection, the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus is still a poorly known species. Previously, this taxon was present throughout South-east Asia, from Bangladesh to Vietnam, and from Southern China to Java. Unfortunately, only about 60 Rhinoceros sondaicus remain today, mostly males, and all reside in the Ujung Kulon National Park, on the island of Java, Indonesia. This second largest mammal of the South-east Asian rainforest is a solitary dweller of lowland woodlands and does not climb mountains. Its upper lip is prehensile and differs from that of the grazer Rhinoceros unicornis in both length and adaptation, as the Javan rhinoceros is a generalist browser. A prominent distinctive feature of the Javan rhinoceros is the 'saddle' on the neck, while the female horn is nearly absent, allowing sexual distinction to be made even among young individuals. Based on data from camera traps we suspect that Rhinoceros sondaicus has also developed a peculiar and complex behaviour, as well as characteristic vocalization related to mud wallows. As this species is sometime wrongly classified as Rhinoceros unicornis, to aid in better differentiation, a distinctive behavioural trait of mothers and their calves is described in this work. A goal is also to highlight the need for a much greater effort to know and preserve the surviving individuals to ensure that this unique species will not disappear forever. Conservation is dangerously lacking constant management control and a second population establishment is not considered as a priority. The authors propose increasing the carrying capacity of the current area, as the rhinos are confined within the Ujung Kulon National Park, which has limited suitable habitat. They propose creating new clearings by falling large trees in palm-free areas, allowing saplings to grow and increasing the quantity of food available to the rhinos as well as highlighting the urgency of ex situ management strategies and biobanking of cell cultures for the maximizing conservation options for the survival of this valuable species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	02318865