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Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics.

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Title: Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics.
Authors: Salvatori, Nicole, Moreno, Mauro, Zotti, Maurizio, Iuorio, Annalisa, Cartenì, Fabrizio, Bonanomi, Giuliano, Mazzoleni, Stefano, Giannino, Francesco
Source: Scientific Reports; 11/14/2023, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1-13, 13p
Subject Terms: VEGETATION patterns, PLANT-fungus relationships, PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi, FAIRIES, FIELD research
Abstract: Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or positive effects on the surrounding vegetation. In this context, we present a novel process-based mathematical model aimed at reproducing the mycelial spatial configuration of fairy rings and test different literature-supported hypotheses explaining the suppressive and stimulating effects of fungi on plants. Simulations successfully reproduced the shape of fairy rings through the accumulation of fungal self-inhibitory compounds. Moreover, regarding the negative effects of fungi on vegetation, results suggest that fungal-induced soil hydrophobicity is sufficient to reproduce all observed types of fairy rings, while the potential production of phytotoxins is not. In relation to the positive effects of fungi on plants, results show that the release of phytostimulants is needed to reproduce the vegetation patterns associated to some fairy ring types. Model outputs can guide future experiments and field work to corroborate the considered hypotheses and provide more information for further model improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Complementary Index
Description
Abstract:Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or positive effects on the surrounding vegetation. In this context, we present a novel process-based mathematical model aimed at reproducing the mycelial spatial configuration of fairy rings and test different literature-supported hypotheses explaining the suppressive and stimulating effects of fungi on plants. Simulations successfully reproduced the shape of fairy rings through the accumulation of fungal self-inhibitory compounds. Moreover, regarding the negative effects of fungi on vegetation, results suggest that fungal-induced soil hydrophobicity is sufficient to reproduce all observed types of fairy rings, while the potential production of phytotoxins is not. In relation to the positive effects of fungi on plants, results show that the release of phytostimulants is needed to reproduce the vegetation patterns associated to some fairy ring types. Model outputs can guide future experiments and field work to corroborate the considered hypotheses and provide more information for further model improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:20452322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-46006-1