Podrobná bibliografie
| Název: |
Local and landscape scale woodland cover and diversification of agroecological practices shape butterfly communities in tropical smallholder landscapes. |
| Autoři: |
Vogel, Cassandra, Mayer, Vera, Mkandawire, Mwapi, Küstner, Georg, Kerr, Rachel Bezner, Krauss, Jochen, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of Applied Ecology; Aug2023, Vol. 60 Issue 8, p1659-1672, 14p |
| Témata: |
COMMUNITIES, FARMERS, FORESTS & forestry, LIFE history theory, BUTTERFLIES, HABITATS, FOREST biodiversity |
| Geografický termín: |
SUB-Saharan Africa |
| Abstract (English): |
The conversion of biodiversity‐rich woodland to farmland and subsequent management has strong, often negative, impacts on biodiversity. In tropical smallholder agricultural landscapes, the impacts of agriculture on insect communities, both through habitat change and subsequent farmland management, is understudied. The use of agroecological practices has social and agronomic benefits for smallholders. Although ecological co‐benefits of agroecological practices are assumed, systematic empirical assessments of biodiversity effects of agroecological practices are missing, particularly in Africa.In Malawi, we assessed butterfly abundance, species richness, species assemblages and community life‐history traits on 24 paired woodland and smallholder‐managed farmland sites located across a gradient of woodland cover within a 1 km radius. We tested whether habitat type (woodland vs. farmland) and woodland cover at the landscape scale interactively shaped butterfly communities. Farms varied in the implementation of agroecological pest and soil management practices and flowering plant species richness.Farmland had lower butterfly abundances and approximately half the species richness than woodland. Farmland butterfly communities had, on average, a larger wingspan than woodland site communities. Surprisingly, higher woodland cover in the landscape had no effect on butterfly abundance in both habitats. In contrast, species richness was higher with higher woodland cover. Butterfly species assemblages were distinct between wood‐ and farmland and shifted across the woodland cover gradient.Farmland butterfly abundance, but not species richness, was higher with higher flowering plant species richness on farms. Farms with a higher number of agroecological pest management practices had a lower abundance of the dominant butterfly species, but not of rarer species. However, a larger number of agroecological soil management practices was associated with a higher abundance of rarer species.Synthesis and applications: We show that diversified agroecological soil practices and flowering plant richness enhanced butterfly abundance on farms. However, our results suggest that on‐farm measures cannot compensate for the negative effects of continued woodland conversion. Therefore, we call for more active protection of remaining African woodlands in tandem with promoting agroecological soil management practices and on‐farm flowering plant richness to conserve butterflies while benefiting smallholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Swahili): |
Tumbuka: Kusintha kwa chilengiwa‐malo ya thengere na makuni yanandi kweniso na minda na kupwelelera makola malo aya, kanandi kukwiza na vinthu viheni ivyo vina vyakusatira pa chilengiwa. Mu malo yanandi umo muli malo yakukhazikika umo walimi wanandi wachoko wachoko wakuchita vya ulimi, vyakusatira pa vya ulimi kweniso umoyo wa vibenene, mu vyose kwali kwizira mu kusintha kakhaliro kweniso kapwelelero ka malo, kanandi tikuwikakapo mtima wenecho yayi kuti tivisambire. Kugwiriska ntchito nthowa za chilengiwa zakupambanpambana kukwiza na vinthu viwemi pa kakhaliro na kasangiro ka walimi wachoko wachoko kwizira mu ulimi wawo. Nanga uli vyachilengiwa vikuvwilika kwizira mu kugwiriska ntchito nthowa za chilengiwa za kupambanapambana za kuwezgeleskera vundira mu dongo, kweni kawuniwuni wenecho wakuwa na ukaboni wakukwanira wa vyakusatira vyachilengiwa kwakulingana na nthowa za chilengiwa zakupambana pambana kukusowa chomene chomene muno mu Africa.Ku Malawi, tikasanda kwandana kwa wa bulawula, unandi wa mitundu yake, umo mitundu yinandi yawa bulawula yikuwunganilana kweniso na umo umoyo na mbiri muchigaba yikwendera pa kusazga minda 24 iyo yabenekeleleka na thengere na makuni kweniso na minda iyo walimi wachoko wachoko wakupwelelera iyo yili mumalo yakuzungulira 1 km pala tapima mwakuzingilizga. Tikapima kuti pala mitundu ya vinthu vyakukhalamo (malo ya thengere na makuni kuyelekezga na malo ayo ni minda) na umo thengere na makuni yabenekelera malo kwakulingana na umo yalikukhazikikira vikuzenga umoyo wa banja la wa bulawula. Minda yikapambananga malingana na nthowa za chilengiwa izo wakugwiriska ntchito pa kuchepeska tuvibungu twakunanga mbeu na kapwelelelero ka dongo na kwandana kwa mitundu ya mbeu izo zikupambika maluwa.Minda yikawa na mitundu yakuchepa ya wabulawula ndiposo yikawanga hafu ya mitundu yakupambanapambana na pala talinganizga na mu malo umo muli thengere. Mu vigaba umo ni muminda, mukawa wa bulawula wa maphapindo yakuluyakulu na pala tayelekezga na mu malo umo muli thengere. Chakuziziswa ntchakuti mu malo umo mukabenekeleleka na thengere linandi na makuni kuti mukapangiska kuti wa bulawula wayandane panyake waleke kuyandana yayi mu malo yose yawiri. Kweniso mitundu yaw a bulawula yikawa yinandi mumalo umo mukawa thengere na makuni yanandi. Unandi wa wa bulawula ukapambananga pakati pa mu malo umo muli thengere na makuni na umo muli minda ndipo vikasinthanga sinthanga kwakulingana na kukhazikika kwa malo ayo yabenekeleleka na thengere na makuni.Kwandana kwa wa bulawula pa munda, kwambula kuwa na mitundu yinandi yawa bulawula, kukawa kunandi kwakulingana na mitundu yinandi yakupambanapambana iyo yili pa munda. Minda iyo yikagwiriskikanga nthowa zinandi za chilengiwa zakuchepeskera tuvibungu, kwandana kwa wa bulawula wa mtundu umoza kukawa kwakuchepa, kweni mitundu yikawanga yinandi. Mwantheura, kuwa na nthowa zinandi za chilengiwa zakupambanapambana za kuchepeskera tuvibungu pa munda kukukoleranako na kuwa na mitundu yinandi yakupambanapambana yaw a bulawula mu munda.Kukamata na kugwiriska ntchito: vyawoneska kuti kugworiska ntchito nthowa zakupambanapambana za chilengiwa zakuwezgeleskera vundira mudongo na mbeu zinandi zakupambana pambana izo zikuwa na maluwa zikovwira kuti wa bulawula wawe wanandi mumunda. Nanga uli vili mwa ntheura, vyakusanda vithu vyasachizga kuti nthowa izo tagwiriska ntchito pa munda withu zingajandizga panyake kutondekeska vilongolero viheni pa umo malo yithu na chilengiwa vikusinthira. Mwantheura, tikuchiskana tose kuti tiwe maso pakuvikilira thengere ilo lakhalako ku Africa kuno mwakulimbikiskaso nthowa zakupambanapambana za chilengiwa zakuwezgera vundira mudongo kweniso kupanda mbuto zinandi izo zikuwa na maluwa kuti tipwelelere wa bulawula vyene ivyo vivwilengeso walimi wachokowachoko. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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