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The effect of background music on the recognition memory of spoken sentences.

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Title:	The effect of background music on the recognition memory of spoken sentences.
Authors:	Opheij E; Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Brouwer S; Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. susanne.brouwer@ru.nl.
Source:	Attention, perception & psychophysics [Atten Percept Psychophys] 2025 Dec 02; Vol. 88 (1), pp. 21. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 02.
Publication Type:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Journal Info:	Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101495384 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1943-393X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19433921 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Atten Percept Psychophys Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Publication: 2011- : New York : Springer Original Publication: Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society
MeSH Terms:	Music* , Recognition, Psychology* , Speech Perception* , Semantics* , Attention*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Cues ; Mental Recall ; Adolescent ; Reaction Time
Abstract:	Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Assessment Committee Humanities (ETC-GW 2020-1791). Consent to participate/publish: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals can use background music as a facilitative cue for sentence recognition by testing if the music is stored in memory along with sentences. It focuses on the context congruency effect, especially encoding specificity and context-dependent memory. Sixty native Dutch participants were tested on a continuous recognition memory paradigm in which Dutch sentences were presented in background music and repeated with the same or different music after a lag of four, eight, or 16 items. The results demonstrated a recognition benefit for sentences presented in the same background music during both encoding and retrieval (congruent condition), compared to sentences accompanied by different background music at encoding and retrieval (incongruent condition). In addition, sentence recognition accuracy decreased with increasing lag. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hearing sentences in the same background music has a beneficial effect on recognition memory, suggesting integral processing of sentences and background music in memory. (© 2025. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)
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Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Background music; Context congruency effect; Recognition memory; Speech perception
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20251202 Date Completed: 20251202 Latest Revision: 20251202
Update Code:	20251203
DOI:	10.3758/s13414-025-03159-7
PMID:	41331213
Database:	MEDLINE

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Abstract:	Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Assessment Committee Humanities (ETC-GW 2020-1791). Consent to participate/publish: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.<br />The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals can use background music as a facilitative cue for sentence recognition by testing if the music is stored in memory along with sentences. It focuses on the context congruency effect, especially encoding specificity and context-dependent memory. Sixty native Dutch participants were tested on a continuous recognition memory paradigm in which Dutch sentences were presented in background music and repeated with the same or different music after a lag of four, eight, or 16 items. The results demonstrated a recognition benefit for sentences presented in the same background music during both encoding and retrieval (congruent condition), compared to sentences accompanied by different background music at encoding and retrieval (incongruent condition). In addition, sentence recognition accuracy decreased with increasing lag. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hearing sentences in the same background music has a beneficial effect on recognition memory, suggesting integral processing of sentences and background music in memory.<br /> (© 2025. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)
ISSN:	1943-393X
DOI:	10.3758/s13414-025-03159-7