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From Hyperendemic to Low Endemicity: The Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccination on HBV and HDV Prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon.

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Názov: From Hyperendemic to Low Endemicity: The Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccination on HBV and HDV Prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon.
Autori: Malheiros AP; Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil.; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Gomes-Gouvêa MS; LIM07, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Ribeiro LB; LIM07, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Souza AJS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Única, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, SP, Brazil., Azevedo RS; LIM01, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Brito DCN; Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Oliveira CMA; Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Nunes HM; Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Pinho JRR; LIM07, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.; Laboratório Clínico, Einstein Hospital Israelita, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil.
Zdroj: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) [Pathogens] 2025 Oct 25; Vol. 14 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 25.
Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article
Jazyk: English
Informácie o časopise: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596317 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-0817 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20760817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathogens Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG, 2012-
Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hepatitis B*/epidemiology , Hepatitis B*/prevention & control , Hepatitis B*/immunology , Hepatitis D*/epidemiology , Hepatitis D*/prevention & control , Hepatitis D*/virology , Hepatitis D*/immunology , Hepatitis B Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines*/immunology , Endemic Diseases*, Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/immunology ; Young Adult ; Vaccination ; Child ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Infant ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/virology ; Rural Population
Abstrakt: The Amazon Basin was historically hyperendemic for HBV and HDV, associated with severe outcomes like fulminant hepatitis. Brazil initiated its hepatitis B vaccination in 1989. This study assessed the current prevalence in this endemic region to evaluate the impact of vaccination. A cross-sectional population-based survey enrolled 1100 urban and rural residents. HBsAg prevalence was 1.5%, with no cases in individuals under 20 years, demonstrating interrupted vertical and horizontal transmission. Anti-HBc positivity (30.9%) indicated past exposure, predominantly in those over 30 years. Isolated anti-HBc (10.3%) included two occult HBV infections. HDV coinfection occurred in 25% of HBsAg-positive cases, with HDV RNA detected in two. Anti-HDV positivity was exclusive to adults over 30. Vaccination coverage was poorly documented, but 23.7% had protective anti-HBs titers. HBV vaccination has reduced HBsAg prevalence from high to low endemicity in the region, eliminating chronic infections in younger generations. Persistent HDV in older age groups underscores the need for targeted screening. Despite vaccination record gaps, the findings highlight the program's success in interrupting transmission and support continued efforts toward HBV/HDV elimination.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: epidemiology; hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis D; human viral hepatitis
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Hepatitis B Vaccines)
0 (Hepatitis B Surface Antigens)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251127 Date Completed: 20251127 Latest Revision: 20251130
Update Code: 20251130
PubMed Central ID: PMC12655251
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14111089
PMID: 41305327
Databáza: MEDLINE
Popis
Abstrakt:The Amazon Basin was historically hyperendemic for HBV and HDV, associated with severe outcomes like fulminant hepatitis. Brazil initiated its hepatitis B vaccination in 1989. This study assessed the current prevalence in this endemic region to evaluate the impact of vaccination. A cross-sectional population-based survey enrolled 1100 urban and rural residents. HBsAg prevalence was 1.5%, with no cases in individuals under 20 years, demonstrating interrupted vertical and horizontal transmission. Anti-HBc positivity (30.9%) indicated past exposure, predominantly in those over 30 years. Isolated anti-HBc (10.3%) included two occult HBV infections. HDV coinfection occurred in 25% of HBsAg-positive cases, with HDV RNA detected in two. Anti-HDV positivity was exclusive to adults over 30. Vaccination coverage was poorly documented, but 23.7% had protective anti-HBs titers. HBV vaccination has reduced HBsAg prevalence from high to low endemicity in the region, eliminating chronic infections in younger generations. Persistent HDV in older age groups underscores the need for targeted screening. Despite vaccination record gaps, the findings highlight the program's success in interrupting transmission and support continued efforts toward HBV/HDV elimination.
ISSN:2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens14111089